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All-Optical Control of Group velocity, Central Frequency and Spectral Bandwidth of a laser pulse

CAVALIERI, STEFANO, SALI, EMILIANO, IGNESTI, EMILIO, BUFFA, ROBERTO, FINI, LORENZO, TOGNETTI, MARCO VALERIO

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present recent results on different shcemes (involving both coherent and incoherent interactions) that allow all-optical control of several properties of a large spectral-bandwidth (up to 3.3 GHz) laser pulse propagating in an atomic medium

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We analyse the group velocity of a laser pulse in an optically dressed atomic system. A Λ system with an additional close upper level and an incoherent pump is specially investigated. The group velocity of a pulse is strongly dependent on the optical properties of the system which can be modified by changing the amplitude or detuning of a strong coupling field or of an incoherent pump between the two lower levels of the system. Depending on the parameters, the medium may have alternatively absorptive or gain properties and the dispersion can be changed from anomalous into a normal one. The ranges of parameters are especially investigated in which absorption (gain) is not too strong, with dispersion being not too steep. The group velocity of a pulse propagating through a sample with such optical properties can be switched from the subinto superluminal regime. The dynamics of propagation in the case of negative group velocities of a small absolute value is especially interesting. In such a regime the peak of the transmitted pulse exits the sample before the peak of the incoming pulse reaches the medium. The transmitted pulse splits into two pulses - one of them propagates forward behind the medium and the other propagates backward and is cancelled at the entrance of the sample by the incoming pulse. Ranges of parameters are seeked in which the shape of the pulse is changed and the group velocity as a single parameter is not sufficient to describe the pulse propagation.
We investigate effect of atomic densities( N) on propagation and spectral property of femtosecond Gaussian pulses in a three-level Λ- type atomic medium by using numerical solution of full Maxwell-Bloch equations. It is shown that,for pulses with smaller area 2π,propagate in mediums with different N,pulse splitting does not occur and strength of spectral component near central frequency decreases considerably as N increases. For pulses with area 4π,pulse splitting could occur when pulses propagate in dilute medium with greater atomic density and in dense medium,and pulse spectral bandwidth and strength of spectral component with higher frequency increase with increasing of N in dilute medium. Spectrum broadening in dense medium is much smaller than that in dilute medium with greater atomic density. For pulses with larger area 8π,pulse splitting is similar to that of 4π pulses. Pulse spectral bandwidth and strength of spectral component with higher frequency increase monotonously with increasing of N. And spectrum broadening in dense medium is much larger than that in dilute medium with smaller atomic density.
Coherent interactions of laser light with atomic ensembles allow one to modify dispersive properties of a medium and lead to new optical phenomena. Studies of the controlled light propagation and storing in such media have recently become a dynamically developing field of research motivated both by the fundamental character of the processes and by potential applications. This article briefly reviews basic theoretical approach to the dynamics of the propagation of laser pulses in optically modified media. The method and the physical processes are discussed that allow one to slow down the group velocity of laser pulse to zero (stopping of light), to transfer the state of a light pulse to atomic coherences and to restore the pulse. The interpretation of these phenomena in the formalism of dark-state polaritons is presented. Examples of possible coherent manipulations on a stored light are also discussed.