Quantum State Transitions as Probabilistic Tension Events

Glynn Winskel

Ryusho Nemoto

This preprint redefines the nature of time in quantum theory by introducing "tension"—a probabilistically generated particle representing the minimal unit of time. It proposes that time is not continuous but composed of discrete quantum events, each fluctuating probabilistically. This leads to a new interpretation of quantum uncertainty, where time itself exhibits quantum fluctuation. The approach challenges traditional views of time and offers a new foundation for integrating time into quantum gravity frameworks.

Marc-Thierry Jaekel, D. Pignon

Werner Stulpe, Maciej Swat

Ryusho Nemoto

This preprint introduces a new probabilistic framework for quantum theory by applying stochastic geometry to the interpretation of quantum state transitions. It redefines time as a series of probabilistically generated "tensions"—discrete time units—that govern the evolution of quantum states. This approach allows for the discretization of the Schrödinger equation and provides a new foundation for understanding quantum uncertainty, time, and the structure of spacetime, contributing to the broader pursuit of a quantum gravity theory and Grand Unified Theory.

Haobo Ma, Wenlin Zhang

Quantum cellular automata (QCA) provide a discrete, local, unitary ontological picture of the universe: the global state evolves via deterministic unitary operators between discrete time steps, containing no intrinsic stochastic process. On the other hand, laboratory quantum mechanics centers on the Born rule, treating measurement outcomes as inherently probabilistic events. The tension between these two perspectives constitutes the core of the quantum measurement problem. In this paper, within