Primary repository DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18899853 This paper presents a new model of quantum superposition based on the premise of temporal desynchronization between a quantum system and the observer's time frame. The proposed theory interprets superposition as a result of the particle not being anchored in the same "now" as the observer. The model offers a logical explanation not only for superposition but also for wavefunction collapse, quantum entanglement, and tunneling, using the concept of a universal temporal framework. It introduces an alternative, causal, and intuitively accessible perspective on key phenomena of quantum physics.
Primary repository DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18899853 This paper presents a new model of quantum superposition based on the premise of temporal desynchronization between a quantum system and the observer's time frame. The proposed theory interprets superposition as a result of the particle not being anchored in the same "now" as the observer. The model offers a logical explanation not only for superposition but also for wavefunction collapse, quantum entanglement, and tunneling, using the concept of a universal temporal framework. It introduces an alternative, causal, and intuitively accessible perspective on key phenomena of quantum physics.
This paper presents a model of quantum superposition as a physical consequence of temporal spreading in quantum systems. Rather than describing superposition abstractly through wave functions, this model proposes a concrete physical mechanism: a microparticle does not exist at a single moment in the observer's time, but across an interval of times — which, from the observer's perspective, produces multiple simultaneous states. Wavefunction collapse is interpreted as temporal synchronization between the particle and its macroscopic environment — a mechanical, physical process requiring no role for consciousness. The model is applied to quantum entanglement, tunneling, and decoherence, with all phenomena explained by the same mechanism. A key property of the model is its bidirectional consistency: superposition implies temporal spreading and vice versa, distinguishing it from purely mathematical interpretations.
This paper presents a novel framework for examining causality through a fundamentally non-temporal perspective, grounded in mathematical logic and category theory. We demonstrate that standard logical operations, including implication, conjunction, disjunction, and quantification, are inherently non-temporal, suggesting that causality itself might be better understood as a logical rather than temporal relationship. Our framework provides: (1) A rigorous mathematical foundation for non-temporal causality, based on set theory and mathematical logic; (2) A reinterpretation of quantum mechanical phenomena, including wave function collapse and entanglement, as manifestations of non-temporal logical relations; (3) A new perspective on causal set theory that challenges the assumed primacy of temporal ordering in discrete spacetime approaches. The framework naturally addresses several persistent puzzles in physics, including the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, the emergence of time in quantum gravity, and the apparent tension between locality and quantum correlations. We develop formal proofs showing how temporal causation might emerge as a special case of more general non-temporal logical relations, with implications for quantum foundations, relativity theory, and the unification of quantum mechanics with gravity. This approach suggests new directions for understanding the foundations of physics, the nature of time, and the relationship between logic and physical reality.
Abstract The measurement problem has long been a fundamental challenge in quantum mechanics. The mainstream decoherence theory attributes the transition from quantum superposition to classical determinacy to the entanglement between the system and its environment. However, this theory still leaves several foundational issues unresolved: decoherence can only eliminate observable interference fringes but cannot explain why a single measurement yields only one definite outcome; nor can it fully account for the phenomena observed in recent attosecond tunneling experiments. The author first published the temporal relativity hypothesis on the Zenodo preprint platform on June 20, 2026[4]. This theory proposes that quantum superposition is not an intrinsic property of microscopic particles, but rather an apparent effect arising from the relative relationship between the temporal sampling frequency of the detection system and the evolution frequency of the quantum object. When the detector's temporal resolution frequency far exceeds the characteristic evolution frequency of the microscopic particle, the interference fringes from wavefunction superposition gradually disappear, and continuous classical trajectories become observable. On July 11, 2026, the author systematically proposed the qualitative three-stage criterion of temporal relativity within the original preprint framework (also published on Zenodo[8]): when the sampling frequency , the system exhibits classical determinacy; when , the system resides in a critical transition state; when , the system manifests as a quantum superposition state. The precise threshold corresponding to this ratio requires calibration through subsequent continuous attosecond imaging experiments, establishing a natural collaborative pathway between theory and experiment. The attosecond scanning tunneling experiment published by the University of Regensburg on July 3, 2026[3], is in strong agreement with the independent theoretical predictions and the experimentally designed predictions presented in the above preprint (June 20). Furthermore, after the publication of the author's Zenodo preprint on July 11, 2026[8], it was found that the experimental results from the Weizmann Institute of Science group in early 2026[5] are also highly isomorphic with the three-stage evolution predicted by this hypothesis. This paper is an advanced revision building upon two previous versions published by the author on the Zenodo preprint platform: the initial temporal relativity hypothesis incorporating the concept of "consciousness" was proposed on June 20, 2026[4]; the July 11, 2026 version[8] removed the consciousness concept and established a purely physical "detector temporal resolution frequency" qualitative framework with the explicit three-stage model; this version fully inherits the qualitative three-stage model while adding a complete unified mathematical framework—built upon the three pillars of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, time-domain sampling boundary conditions, and critical phase criteria—upgrading the theory from a qualitative hypothesis to a complete mathematical system capable of quantitative computation and experimental data fitting.
This work provides a conceptual clarification of central concepts in quantum mechanics within the framework of the Time–Energy–Universe (TEU). The focus lies on superposition, entanglement, and wave function collapse, and their relation to the concept of instantiation. The aim is not to introduce additional physical mechanisms or to modify existing theories, but to consider established phenomena from a unified conceptual perspective. Quantum states are understood as structures of possible instantiations, while their determination is not interpreted as a physical process, but as a logical form of determinability within an underlying order. The analysis builds upon the conceptual framework developed within the TEU and represents its application to a specific domain of physics. It thereby offers a perspective that allows known physical phenomena to be reconsidered in terms of the relation between possibility and definiteness, and to be further examined within this framework.
This paper introduces the Temporal Superposition and Collapse (TSC) model, which proposes that quantum systems exist in superpositions not only of spatial and energetic states,but also of temporal positions. The act of observation collapses a quantum system’s temporal wavefunction into an experienced “now.” Time, in this framework, is not a continuousdimension but a sequence of discrete, emergent moments generated through quantum observation.We develop a mathematical formulation for TSC, uniting standard unitary Schrodingerevolution with a non-unitary collapse term, linking time emergence to conscious experience.This model reframes the present not as a passive slice of time, but as a physically real consequence of collapse, bridging quantum physics, consciousness, and relativity. We examineinterpretive implications, experimental analogs (e.g., delayed-choice quantum eraser), andsuggest consciousness may arise from the continuous collapse of temporal potential into thenow. The TSC model aligns with and extends interpretations like Copenhagen, Transactional, and Block Universe, offering a testable, ontologically rich view of time.
This work presents a unified reinterpretation framework for quantum phenomena based on Unitary Retarded Probability Dynamics (URPD). URPD replaces instantaneous time evolution and measurement-induced wavefunction collapse with a structure grounded in temporal delay, informational distance, and probabilistic weighting. Quantum dynamics emerge from retarded probabilistic averaging over informationally separated reference states. Within this framework, standard quantum phenomena—including double-slit interference, the quantum Zeno effect, weak measurement and weak values, quantum entanglement, and effective temporal discreteness—arise naturally without introducing additional axioms. Standard quantum mechanics is recovered as a limiting case where delay fluctuations vanish. URPD preserves relativistic causality by constraining delayed informational contributions and reinterprets the invariance of the speed of light as a consequence of shared informational geometry rather than a fundamental postulate. A more general and foundational formulation of URPD itself is developed in *Classical Science Assumes Instantaneity — and That Assumption Is Wrong*, where the framework is presented in a fully unified form beyond the quantum sector. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17987215