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Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute

Disordered Arrays of Dynamic Microcavities under Four-Pulse Excitation of a Medium by Single-Cycle Light Pulses

R. M. Arkhipov

Published Dec 1, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The paper presents the first study of the formation of disordered arrays of dynamic microcavities under four-pulse excitation of a two-level resonant medium by a train of single-cycle attosecond pulses. The pulses act on the medium similarly to 2π pulses of self-induced transparency. It is shown that multiple pulse collisions in different regions of the medium result in the formation of localized dynamic structures arranged in a disordered manner. The properties of these structures can be rapidly modified by controlling the time delays between the pulses. The results open up new possibilities for research in the field of disordered media, where localization of light and control of dynamic structures are of particular interest.

DOI
10.3103/s1068335625603140

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We predict a novel, to our knowledge, phenomenon—the formation of arrays of localized dynamic microcavities during asymmetric collision of single-cycle optical pulses in a two-level medium. We demonstrate that such pulses, behaving similarly to 2π self-induced transparency solitons, generate dynamic structures whose shape is determined by the time delay between the pulses. The obtained results open new avenues for sub-wavelength light field control and can be applied in the development of ultrafast optical devices, topological photonics, and petahertz electronics.
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Abstract The formation of dynamic microcavities (DMs) in the asymmetric collision of a single-cycle π‑pulse and a 2π-pulse of self-induced transparency in a two-level medium is investigated theoretically. The numerical solution of the Maxwell–Bloch equations demonstrates that the interaction of pulses leads to the emergence of two DMs, which are separated in space within the medium. Controlling the shape of the microcavities is possible by altering the number of collisions between pulses. These results pave the way for the development of ultrafast tunable optical devices.
This paper examines the behavior of dynamic microcavities (DMs) in multi-level resonant media when attosecond unipolar pulses of different shapes (Gaussian and rectangular) collide, acting as 2 π -like self-induced transparency pulses. For realistic quasi-unipolar pulses, the influence of the trailing edge of opposite polarity is investigated, and conditions under which the trailing edge’s effect can be ignored are found analytically and then confirmed by a direct numerical calculation. We demonstrate that the collision of sub-cycle pulses in a medium results in a rapid change of the refractive index both in time and space. Thus, the case considered here of a resonant medium under the action of a sequence of pulses is an example of a time-dependent medium. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of creating time-dependent media in an atomic medium with high polarization relaxation times T 2 , and subsequently controlling them with half-cycle pulses at an extremely short timescale of half of an electromagnetic field oscillation.
Half-cycle attosecond pulses formed from an electromagnetic field half-wave have the shortest duration in a given spectral interval. When these pulses interact coherently with the medium, new types of spatial structures of population inversion may emerge on each resonant transition. Based on numerical calculations, we examine the possibility of ultrafast control of these structures, such as microcavities, in an asymmetric collision of half-cycle pulses in a medium. We demonstrate that it is possible to create dynamic microcavities with controlled parameters, as well as divide the medium into different regions of near-constant population inversion. The selectivity effect is observed, with deeper structures formed on one transition than another, highlighting the possibility of fine-tuning these processes. The results show that time-dependent media could be realized in a conventional resonant medium with discrete energy levels using half-cycle pulses.