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Područje valjanosti magnetskog Aharonov-Bohm efekta

Comay, Eliahu

Published Jan 1, 1988• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect is analyzed. Using basic properties of quantum mechanics, it is shown that the effect exists in a case where the energy spectrum of the source of the magnetic flux does not belong to a continuum. On the other hand, the effect disappears in an example of a source whose energy spectrum is continuous. It is shown that in all cases the system demonstrates the ordinary relations between classical physics and quantum mechanics.

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The magnetic Aharonov-Bohm effect is analyzed. Using basic properties of quantum mechanics, it is shown that the effect exists in a case where the energy spectrum of the source of the magnetic flux does not belong to a continuum. On the other hand, the effect disappears in an example of a source whose energy spectrum is continuous. It is shown that in all cases the system demonstrates the ordinary relations between classical physics and quantum mechanics.
The exact energy spectrum and wave function of a charged particle moving in the Coulomb field and Aharonov-Bohm's magnetic flux are solved by the nonintegrable phase factor. The universal formula for the matrix elements of the radial operator ${r}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ of arbitrary power $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is given by an analytical solution. The difference between the classical limit of matrix elements of inverse radius in quantum mechanics and the Fourier components of the corresponding quantity for the pure Coulomb system in classical mechanics is examined in reference to the correspondence principle of Heisenberg. Explicit calculation shows that the influence of nonlocal Aharonov-Bohm effect exists even in the classical limit. The semiclassical quantization rule for systems containing the topological effect is presented in the light of Heisenberg's corresponding principle.
The Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect is understood to demonstrate that the Maxwell fields can act nonlocally in some situations. However it has been suggested from time to time that the AB effect is somehow a consequence of a local classical electromagnetic field phenomenon involving energy that is temporarily stored in the overlap between the external field and the field of which the beam particle is the source. That idea was shown in the past not to work for some models of the source of the external field. Here a more general proof is presented for the magnetic AB effect to show that the overlap energy is always compensated by another contribution to the energy of the magnetic field in such a way that the sum of the two is independent of the external flux. Therefore no such mechanism can underlie the AB effect.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect highlights the fundamental role of electromagnetic potentials in quantum mechanics. While extensively studied in the static case, the impact of a time-varying magnetic flux on the electron's phase shift remains an open and debated question. In this paper, we derive the AB phase shift for a time-dependent magnetic vector potential and show that it is proportional to the time average of enclosed magnetic flux. Our analysis reveals that the AB phase is continuously accumulated as the electron traverses its path, challenging the conventional view that it emerges instantaneously at the point of interference. This generalized AB effect may provide deeper insight into the role of gauge-dependent potentials in quantum mechanics and also suggest novel experimental tests using alternating or pulsed magnetic flux.
In this article, we start our discussion on the Aharonov-Bohm effect then raise a plausible interpretation within the quantum electrodynamics (QED) framework. We provide a quantum treatment of the source of the electromagnetic potential and argue that the underlying mechanism in AB effect can be viewed as interactions between electrons described by QED theory where the interactions are mediated by virtue photons. On further analysis, we claim that the framework of one particle quantum mechanics (OPQM) can be shown, in general, as a mathematically approximated model which can be reformulated from QED theory. In addition, the classical Maxwell equations are derived from QED scattering process while both classical electromagnetic fields and potentials serve as mathematical tools that are constructed to approximate the interactions among elementary particles described by QED physics, i.e. neither classical fields nor potentials represent any real entities of nature. At the conclusion of this article, we make a few remarks on the hypnosis of the existence of magnetic monopoles.
The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a fundamental topological phenomenon with a wide range of applications. It consists of a charge encircling a region with a magnetic flux in a superposition of wave packets having their relative phase affected by the flux. In this work we analyze this effect using an entropic measure known as realism, originally introduced as a quantifier of a system's degree of reality and mathematically related to notions of global and local quantum coherence. More precisely, we look for observables that lead to gauge-invariant realism associated with the charge before it completes its loop. We find that the realism of these operators has a sudden change when the line connecting the center of both wave packets crosses the solenoid. Moreover, we consider the case of a quantized magnetic-field source, pointing out similarities and differences between the two cases. Finally, we discuss some consequences of these results.
It is shown that, in some cases, the effect of discrete distributions of flux lines in quantum mechanics can be associated with the effect of continuous distributions of magnetic fields with special symmetries. In particular, flux lines with an arbitrary value of magnetic flux can be used to create energetic barriers, which can be used to confine quantum systems in specially designed configurations. This generalizes a previous work where such energy barriers arose from flux lines with half-integer fluxons. Furthermore, it is shown how the Landau levels can be obtained from a two-dimensional grid of flux lines. These results suggest that the classical magnetic force can be seen as emerging entirely from the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Finally, the basic elements of a semiclassical theory that models the emergence of classical magnetic forces from fields with special symmetries are introduced.