With IoMT, healthcare is being changed rapidly by allowing data from patients to be monitored and managed remotely. But the fact that IoMT devices have weak resources, need strict timing and send sensitive data makes it challenging to secure and operate efficiently. As quantum computers are almost ready to break conventional cryptography, it is important to create post-quantum cryptographic methods for the IoMT. The paper introduces an Energy-Saving, Layered and Safe Routing Protocol (EEMSRP) for use in post-quantum cryptographic networks in the IoMT. It includes several layers of security, using lattice-based post-quantum cryptography and improved routing methods to cut back on energy use. The framework uses hierarchical architecture to organize devices, adopts clustering and relies on lightweight algorithms for post-quantum key exchange. Results from simulations find that EEMSRP is able to save up to 30% of the energy used by existing quantum-resistant protocols, but still remains secure against eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks and quantum-based cryptanalysis. Because of its multi-layer defense, the protocol guarantees the privacy, accuracy and continued accessibility of IoMT data. This research provides a base for upcoming secure and power-efficient communication standards in the post-quantum world, which is important for guarding private medical details and guaranteeing reliable IoMT use.
With IoMT, healthcare is being changed rapidly by allowing data from patients to be monitored and managed remotely. But the fact that IoMT devices have weak resources, need strict timing and send sensitive data makes it challenging to secure and operate efficiently. As quantum computers are almost ready to break conventional cryptography, it is important to create post-quantum cryptographic methods for the IoMT. The paper introduces an Energy-Saving, Layered and Safe Routing Protocol (EEMSRP) for use in post-quantum cryptographic networks in the IoMT. It includes several layers of security, using lattice-based post-quantum cryptography and improved routing methods to cut back on energy use. The framework uses hierarchical architecture to organize devices, adopts clustering and relies on lightweight algorithms for post-quantum key exchange. Results from simulations find that EEMSRP is able to save up to 30% of the energy used by existing quantum-resistant protocols, but still remains secure against eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks and quantum-based cryptanalysis. Because of its multi-layer defense, the protocol guarantees the privacy, accuracy and continued accessibility of IoMT data. This research provides a base for upcoming secure and power-efficient communication standards in the post-quantum world, which is important for guarding private medical details and guaranteeing reliable IoMT use.
The rapid adoption of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices enables real-time patient monitoring and remote diagnostics and has revolutionized healthcare delivery. Traditional cryptographic schemes like RSA and ECC, which rely on meaningful mathematical challenges, are under great threat from quantum computing, threatening sensitive medical data confidentiality and integrity. This paper proposes a quantum-resistant healthcare security framework based on lattice-based cryptographic primitives such as Learning With Errors (LWE), Ring-LWE (RLWE), and Short Integer Solution (SIS). To this end, we design a five-phase IoMT-friendly framework—Initialization, Registration, Authentication, Data Exchange, and Treatment—where each phase is backed up by lightweight cryptography primitives that can be easily implemented on the low-resource IoMT devices. Relative to the state-of-the-art lattice- and hash-based constructions, our framework involves 50-75% smaller ciphertext sizes, up to a 50% reduction of the communication overhead, and nearly 60% less in computational cost. Furthermore, the solution relies on zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption as well and attribute-based access control to guarantee strong security and privacy. Using the AVISPA tool, the framework is formally verified, showing its resistance against classical and quantum adversaries. Focusing on tangible healthcare threats, including data tampering and unlicensed access to patient diagnostics, this research paves the way for scalable, efficient, and quantum-resistant medical data protection. Our results pave the way for future investigations into secure post-quantum healthcare and IoT applications.
The burgeoning Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) necessitates robust security for sensitive patient data transmitted during telemedicine practices. However, traditional cryptography faces potential obsolescence due to quantum computing advancements. This research addresses this challenge by introducing an adaptive quantum-resistant cipher suite specifically designed for IoMT telemedicine. The suite incorporates a family of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms, enabling dynamic selection based on device capabilities and data sensitivity. We evaluate the suite's security using a theoretical framework considering various cryptanalysis techniques. Additionally, performance is assessed on simulated IoMT devices using metrics like encryption/decryption speed and resource consumption. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed suite offers demonstrably stronger quantum-resistant security without compromising efficiency on resource-constrained devices. This research holds significant promise for securing telemedicine within the IoMT landscape, promoting patient privacy and trust in remote healthcare delivery.
The classic methods of encryption and ciphering techniques have a major threat due to the rapid growth of quantum computing. This is particularly true for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) where sensitive patients’ data needs to be protected in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. RSA and ECC serve as two examples of public key cryptographic algorithms that are highly vulnerable to quantum attacks especially the Shor’s and Grover’s algorithm. In the context of resource constrained IoMT systems, this thesis proposes a new hash-based hybrid cryptographic algorithm that is resilient to post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) attacks. In order to achieve resistance against quantum threats the proposed method uses hash-based digital signatures such as XMSS, SPHINCS+, or symmetric encryption like AES-256 with higher key sizes. In the Qiskit environment (Python, Anaconda Navigator, and Jupyter Notebook), Grover’s algorithm is modeled to simulate quantum threats. The proposed method is tested through quantum circuit analysis to evaluate their robustness. Our results will prove that the hybrid scheme, while remaining lightweight and suitable for real-time medical applications, significantly lowers the efficiency gains of quantum attacks. The proposed method will bridge the gap between the theoretical world of PQC and the practical world of IoMT networks, improving the long-term security and trust in critical healthcare systems.
The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has become a core component of modern healthcare infrastructures, enabling continuous patient monitoring, remote diagnostics, and data-driven clinical decision-making. Despite these advances, authentication in IoMT environments remains a critical security challenge, intensified by strict resource constraints of medical devices and the emerging threat posed by quantum computing to classical cryptographic techniques. This systematic review investigates authentication mechanisms in IoMT from both post-quantum and system-level perspectives. A structured literature review was conducted using a PRISMA-informed methodology across major scientific databases, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and MDPI. From an initial set of 95 records, 63 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis following screening and eligibility assessment. To organise existing research, this study introduces a multi-dimensional classification framework that categorises authentication solutions according to cryptographic paradigm (classical, hybrid, and post-quantum), deployment architecture, system objectives, and clinical operational constraints. The comparative synthesis demonstrates important trade-offs between security strength, latency, computational overhead, and energy consumption that are frequently underexplored in the existing literature. Furthermore, the analysis identifies key research gaps related to scalability in heterogeneous medical environments, trust establishment across administrative and clinical domains, usability under strict timing constraints, and resilience against quantum-capable adversaries. Based on these findings, future research directions are outlined toward adaptive, lightweight, and context-aware post-quantum authentication frameworks designed for real-world IoMT deployments. Limitations of this review include restriction to English-language publications and selected databases. This study received no external funding, and the review protocol was not formally registered.
Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is an advanced ecosystem made with the help of Internet of Things technology, smart sensors, medical equipment, and connected end users. Internet of Medical Things is very helpful to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and qualities traditional healthcare system. A smart IoMT contains end users, heterogeneous network, and private data is transferred through public channel. Therefore, it becomes hard to achieve both security and privacy in the IoMT system. In this article, we have focused on designing privacy preserving authenticated key mechanism between two parties. We have proposed a blockchain assisted authenticated key exchange mechanism for IoMT systems supporting fog computing paradigm. The proposed privacy preserving authenticated key exchange protocol is based post quantum assumption “ring learning with errors” and physical unclonable function (PUF), respectively. A detailed security analysis ensures that proposed protocol is secure against most of the existing attacks. This protocol is also secure against quantum attacks based on the assumption.
As the healthcare sector transitions to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), it promises significant improvements in productivity by streamlining processes, reducing administrative burdens, and automating routine tasks. However, the current authentication methods are vulnerable due to reliance on simple passwords and a lack of additional protective layers, posing a heightened risk of data breaches. Given the significant value of medical data, security measures for medical devices remain inadequate, especially in safeguarding user and device identities against future quantum computing threats. This paper proposes an enhanced authentication protocol aimed at ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of medical data. The protocol validates user and device identities while incorporating post-quantum cryptography to address upcoming challenges posed by quantum technology.