This paper presents the results of the "Geometrogenesis v13" simulation, a computational model exploring the emergence of fundamental cosmological constants from principles of quantum information theory. Using a hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) simulation engine, a classical scalar field was coupled with a network of Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) agents governed by an Ising Hamiltonian. Experimental results demonstrate that the system converges to a specific "Island of Stability". The simulation reproduced the scalar spectral index of the Cosmic Microwave Background with a value of ns = 0.9679, which is statistically consistent with Planck 2018 satellite measurements (0.9649 ± 0.0042) within 1σ. This suggests that the structure of the observable universe can be explained as the ground state of an energy and information optimization process. Note: This entry includes the full paper in English and the original summary in Spanish.
This paper presents the results of the "Geometrogenesis v13" simulation, a computational model exploring the emergence of fundamental cosmological constants from principles of quantum information theory. Using a hybrid quantum-classical (HQC) simulation engine, a classical scalar field was coupled with a network of Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) agents governed by an Ising Hamiltonian. Experimental results demonstrate that the system converges to a specific "Island of Stability". The simulation reproduced the scalar spectral index of the Cosmic Microwave Background with a value of ns = 0.9679, which is statistically consistent with Planck 2018 satellite measurements (0.9649 ± 0.0042) within 1σ. This suggests that the structure of the observable universe can be explained as the ground state of an energy and information optimization process. Note: This entry includes the full paper in English and the original summary in Spanish.
With the emergence of quantum computing we can, in theory, run complex simulations with many variables. For the field of cosmology, this could lend itself to applications in modeling the early universe as a quantum system to better understand large scale properties of the universe today. Here we utilize the hybrid variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm applied to an anharmonic oscillator system using QISKit to examine it's effectiveness for these cosmological questions. We then analyze a 1+1 dimensional ring of scalar bosons acting on a lattice as a naive model of the early universe. We chose to focus on rings of 3 and 5 massive scalars in 1+1 dimensions for our study to test the effectiveness of our approach.
The series Time as Phase Flow (Papers I–IV) established that time is not fundamental but emerges from the geometric phase flow of quantum information, providing a unified account of dynamically generated cosmological constants, informational temporal viscosity, and the suppression of large-scale structure. Despite these successes, a fundamental mechanism explaining why a single, stable observable reality emerges from the space of quantum informational states has remained unresolved. In this work, we introduce the framework of Information-Geometric Spacetime (IGS), in which spacetime itself emerges from the geometry of quantum information, entanglement, and modular flow. Within IGS, we define an Actualization Operator that mediates between quantum informational states and observable spacetime geometry. Derived from first principles, the operator combines entropy-based suppression with modular evolution, governed by a universal geometric constant β = 1/(π√3) ≈ 0.1837 fixed by the geometry of causal diamonds and the associated modular Hamiltonian. We show that actualization preserves information conservation and quantum unitarity, acting as a structural filter that selectively stabilizes informational states capable of forming consistent geometric reality, in close analogy with decoherence-driven classical emergence. Under this mechanism, previously identified cosmological effects—most notably the suppression of the matter power spectrum and the S_8 tension—are reinterpreted as observational consequences of information actualization rather than modifications of gravity or exotic matter. This framework also offers a geometric reformulation of the quantum measurement problem, in which the observer is not an external agent but an emergent process associated with modular structure and entanglement thermodynamics. The theory yields testable predictions in controlled quantum systems and forthcoming cosmological surveys, providing a concrete pathway toward empirical tests of spacetime emergence from quantum information.
With physical quantum computers becoming increasingly accessible, research on their applications across various fields has advanced rapidly. In this paper, we present the first study of quantum cosmology conducted on physical quantum computers, employing a newly proposed Hybrid Quantum-Classical (HQC) algorithm rather than the commonly used Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). Specifically, we solve a constrained Hamiltonian equation derived by quantizing the Friedmann equation in cosmology. To solve this constraint equation, H |psi> = 0, where H is a Hamiltonian operator and |psi> = |psi(theta)> is the wave function of phase angle theta describing the cosmic quantum state, we iteratively use the quantum computer to compute the eigenvalues of , while a classical computer manages the underlying probability density function within the Probabilistic Bisection Algorithm (PBA) to update theta until the solution of = 0 is achieved to a desired accuracy. Executing our algorithm on IBM's quantum computers, we attain a high-precision solution for theta, achieving approximately 1 percent error.
Quantum computers are promising candidates to radically expand the domain of computational science by their increased computing power and more effective algorithms. In particular, quantum computing could have a tremendous impact on the field of quantum cosmology. The goal of quantum cosmology is to describe the evolution of the universe through the Wheeler-DeWitt equation or path integral methods without having to first formulate a full theory of quantum gravity. The quantum computer provides an advantage in this endeavor because it can perform path integrals directly in Lorentzian space and does not require constructing contour integrations in Euclidean gravity. Also, quantum computers can provide advantages in systems with fermions which are difficult to simulate on classical computers. In this study, we first employed classical computational methods to analyze a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker mini-superspace with a scalar field and visualize the calculated wavefunction of the universe for a variety of different values of the curvature of the universe and the cosmological constant. We then used IBM's Quantum Information Science Kit Python library and the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm to study the same systems on a quantum computer. The framework was extended to the world line approach to quantum field theory.
Cosmology is in an era of rapid discovery especially in areas related to dark energy, dark matter and inflation. Quantum cosmology treats the cosmology quantum mechanically and is important when quantum effects need to be accounted for, especially in the very early Universe. Quantum computing is an emerging new method of computing which excels in simulating quantum systems. Quantum computing may have some advantages when simulating quantum cosmology, especially because the Euclidean action of gravity is unbounded from below, making the implementation of Monte Carlo simulation problematic. In this paper we present several examples of the application of quantum computing to cosmology. These include a dark energy model that is related to Kaluza-Klein theory, dark matter models where the dark sector is described by a self interacting gauge field or a conformal scalar field and an inflationary model with a slow roll potential. We implement quantum computations in the IBM QISKit software framework and show how to apply the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and Evolution of Hamiltonian (EOH) algorithms to solve the Wheeler-DeWitt equation that can be used to describe the cosmology in the mini-superspace approximation. We find excellent agreement with classical computing results and describe the accuracy of the different quantum algorithms. Finally we discuss how these methods can be scaled to larger problems going beyond the mini-superspace approximation where the quantum computer may exceed the performance of classical computation.
This paper proposes a self-consistent and rigorous framework for quantum cosmology—Scale-Invariant Hierarchical Quantum Cosmology (SIHQC). Its core dynamical mechanism isenvironment-induced decoherence driven by energy flow. When the energy flow is zero, theUniverse as a closed quantum system resides in a pure coherent superposition state, where allmoments, spatial positions, and quantum branches coexist completely. When the energy flowexceeds the critical threshold, the decoherence process projects the Universe onto anobservable classical effective spacetime, naturally emerging a single "present", a single spatialposition, and a definite classical history.This framework postulates that the Universe originated from a scale-invariant hierarchicalquantum initial state with a strictly self-similar hierarchical structure. This state is rigorouslydefined via the inductive limit of Hilbert spaces, which completely circumvents the divergenceproblem caused by infinite tensor products in traditional quantum cosmology. Based on thetheory of open quantum systems and the mechanism of environment-induced decoherence,this paper systematically addresses fundamental issues in quantum cosmology, including thestructure of the initial singularity, the origin of the arrow of time, and the quantum-to-classicaltransition, using energy flow as the sole driving variable. It also discusses its implications for thedynamics of cosmic expansion.A universal and constant global decoherence threshold of the Universe ε0 = 1/τP exists in theframework, uniquely determined by the Planck time. The current temperature of the CosmicMicrowave Background (CMB) is a natural manifestation of this threshold in the low-energyUniverse, rather than an artificially input parameter. This model is fully compatible withstandard quantum mechanics, open system dynamics, thermodynamics, the classical limit ofgeneral relativity, and the ΛCDM cosmological model. It only introduces two free parametersconstrained by observations (the branch number and the hierarchy activation exponent ),and provides four physical inferences with clear falsifiability