This report offers a comprehensive academic synthesis of the information-theoretic paradigm in fundamental physics, in which spacetime geometry, vacuum structure, and gravitational dynamics arise from the entanglement and error-correcting properties of quantum many-body systems. Beginning with the Toric Code, Color Codes, and string-net condensates, the review explains how gauge fields, fermionic statistics, and virtual particle structure emerge from stabilizer constraints and topological order. It then explores Fracton phases and subsystem symmetries as geometric substrates capable of reproducing the constraints and potentials of linearized gravity. The analysis extends into holographic quantum error correction—including MERA, the HaPPY code, and random tensor networks—to show how bulk locality, black hole entropy, and AdS geometry emerge from entanglement structure. The Hyperbolic Fracton Model is examined as a synthesis that unifies fractonic mobility constraints with holographic scaling and area-law entropy. The report supports a unified “code-theoretic” framework in which physical laws and spacetime arise from the structure of an underlying quantum code.
This report offers a comprehensive academic synthesis of the information-theoretic paradigm in fundamental physics, in which spacetime geometry, vacuum structure, and gravitational dynamics arise from the entanglement and error-correcting properties of quantum many-body systems. Beginning with the Toric Code, Color Codes, and string-net condensates, the review explains how gauge fields, fermionic statistics, and virtual particle structure emerge from stabilizer constraints and topological order. It then explores Fracton phases and subsystem symmetries as geometric substrates capable of reproducing the constraints and potentials of linearized gravity. The analysis extends into holographic quantum error correction—including MERA, the HaPPY code, and random tensor networks—to show how bulk locality, black hole entropy, and AdS geometry emerge from entanglement structure. The Hyperbolic Fracton Model is examined as a synthesis that unifies fractonic mobility constraints with holographic scaling and area-law entropy. The report supports a unified “code-theoretic” framework in which physical laws and spacetime arise from the structure of an underlying quantum code.
This meta-review develops the Informational Substrate Hypothesis, a unifying framework proposing that systems as diverse as topological quantum codes, fracton phases, holographic tensor networks, SU(3) qutrit manifolds, planetary resonance architectures, human cognitive transitions, and multi-query AI dynamics share a common structural basis: constraint-defined informational geometry. Across these domains, local stabilizers and dynamical rules generate global geometric order that both encodes the system’s history and constrains its future behavior. The paper synthesizes results from quantum information, emergent gauge theories, condensed-matter topology, astrophysical dynamical architecture, cognitive load theory, and AI inference behavior, arguing that many “emergent” phenomena are manifestations of the same informational substrate expressed at different scales. The goal is to outline a general research program that unifies these systems under a single mathematical ontology based on error correction, entanglement geometry, resonance structure, and stability thresholds.
This study extends the framework of non-equilibrium Hamiltonian field theory and algebraic coset partitioning established in preceding architectures to holographic quantum information manifold sectors, providing an explicit formulation for the macroscopic emergence of anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes driven by the variational minimization of codimension-two entangling surfaces inside boundary conformal field theories (CFT). By embedding the Helfrich elastic bending grammar into the generalized Ryu-Takayanagi entropy functional, the spontaneous emergence of localized bulk horizons coupled to quantum error-correcting stabilizer codes is formalized. Partitioning the total configuration space under tensor network constraints demonstrates that non-local entanglement geometries undergo algebraic degeneration into exactly three universal holographic cosets.
Strongly correlated many-body systems provide a platform for novel phases of matter where constituent particles organize themselves in a variety of ways. At low temperature, these particles interact quantum mechanically and generate entanglement building up exotic quantum phases, such as topologcial order, where there can be emergent excitations which cannot be created locally. Such excitations, if gapped, are also called topological excitations.Fracton is one of such gapped point-like topological excitation in three dimensional system. Different from conventional topological excitation, it is immobile and was firstly discovered in exact solvable models exhibiting fracton topological order. This new order has sub-extensive topological ground-state degeneracy and generically also possesses other mobile excitations restricted to move in sub-dimensional spaces. Also, it has been noticed that the charges of symmetric-tensor U(1) gauge theories can be fractons. Its immobility is due to the existence of multiple conservation laws.In this thesis, I will present the relation among the gapped fracton topological order, gapless fracton phase described by U(1) symmetric tensor gauge theories, and ordinary topological ordered phases. Particularly, the fracton topological order exhibited in an exact solvable model called X- cube model can be constructed by coupling toric code layers. The mechanism leads to fracton topological orders is dubbed “p-string condensation” or “p-membrane condensation,” in which strings or membranes built up from particle excitations from layers of topological orders condense. This allows the fusion properties, braiding statistics, and ground-state degeneracy of the resulting fracton order to be easily understood in terms of more familiar degrees of freedom. And the fracton topological order in the X-cube model can also be obtained from a particular rank-2 symmetric tensor gauge theory called scalar charge theory by a partial confinement transition followed by Higgs mechanism removing the gapless photon modes.
Holographic duality describes gravitational theories in terms of quantum many-body systems. In holography, quantum information theory provides a crucial tool that directly connects microscopic structures of these systems to the geometries of gravitational spacetimes. One manifestation is that the entanglement entropy in quantum many-body systems can be calculated from the area of an extremal surface in the corresponding gravitational spacetime. This implies that a gravitational spacetime can emerge from an enormous number of entangled qubits. In this Essay, I will discuss open problems in this area of research, considering recent developments and outlining future prospects towards a complete understanding of quantum gravity. The first step in this direction is to understand what kind of quantum circuits each holographic spacetime corresponds to, drawing on recent developments in quantum complexity theories and studying concrete examples of holography in string theory. Next, we should extend the concept of holography to general spacetimes, e.g., those spacetimes which appear in realistic cosmologies, by utilizing the connections between quantum information and holography. To address the fundamental question of how time emerges, I will propose the concepts of pseudoentropy and timelike entanglement as a useful tool in our exploration. Part of a series of Essays in Physical Review Letters which concisely present author visions for the future of their field.
This paper presents the SYK TENSOR Quantum Information Network (QIN) as the firstcomplete, discrete, and empirically validated pre geometric analysis of spacetime emergencein the history of physics a true Theory of Everything. For the first time, spacetime geometryis rigorously derived from a finite capacity substrate of maximally chaotic Majorana qubitsgoverned by random all to all SYK interactions, stabilized by holographic tensor networkquantum error correcting codes, and softly regulated with Gaussian form factors to achievebounded UV entanglement variance (stability coefficient γ = 1.0–1.2). Large scale numericalexperiments (N = 8–64 qubits, code distances d = 3–15, Hilbert dimension up to 232) andexact toy models validate five sharp, falsifiable predictions with unprecedented precision: (1)maximal chaos scrambling (λL = 0.85±0.12), (2) perfect holographic bulk reconstruction viathe Ryu-Takayanagi formula (ρ = 1.00±0.12, p = 7.67×10−144), with exponential hyperbolicvolume growth confirming negative curvature (κ = 1.05 ± 0.08), (3) resolution of the blackhole information paradox through traversable wormhole teleportation (fidelity advantage8.2× classical baseline, p ≪ 10−12), (4) emergent gravity scaling (r = −0.94 between λL andGeff = 1/λL), and(5)Standard Model force unification via flavored holographic gauging withexact charge conservation. Mathematical consistency is established through exact OTOCderivation in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity duality, bounded regulated entanglement entropyvariance (γ2 ≈ 2|b|), and rigorous pre geometric origin of AdS/CFT holography. Thisframework resolves UV divergences, the information paradox, emergent geometry, and forceunification without continuum assumptions, extra dimensions, or supersymmetry, providing,for the first time in history, a fully discrete, finite, and computationally accessible origin ofspacetime itself. All results are reproducible via provided Google Colab notebooks, withdirect pathways for near term quantum hardware verification (N ¿ 100 logical qubits).
The unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity remains one of the major open problems of theoretical physics. The Anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence provides a valuable theoretical framework for this effort via a holographic duality between a theory of quantum gravity in asymptotically AdS spacetime and a conformal quantum field theory on the lower-dimensional boundary. Here, we implement a toy model of this duality called the HaPPY code, a quantum error-correcting code in the form of a tensor network with hyperbolic entanglement patterns, on a trapped-ion quantum computer. We present the first experimental confirmation of the Faulkner-Lewkowycz-Maldacena formula in this model - a key test of the holographic correspondence. We then enrich it with non-stabilizerness, or magic, and observe entropic precursors expected of emergent gravity. Finally, we present and measure a code construction whose entropic behavior is reminiscent of a highly quantum wormhole. Our experiments illustrate how quantum computers can serve as testbeds for modeling the emergence of spacetime.