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Experiment to test one of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics

Gondran, Michel, Alexandre Gondran

Published May 15, 2025• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

For nearly 100 years, the incompleteness of quantum formalism and the probabilistic nature ofmeasurement have been the subject of ongoing debate, with no interpretation achieving unanimousagreement.In double-slit interference experiments, standard quantum theory does not take particle sizeinto account, which is not the case in de Broglie’s double-solution theory. We use the large sizeof Rydberg atoms to propose an experiment to test the incompleteness of the standard quantumformalism.We present a variation on the double-slit experiment performed with Rydberg sodium atoms,in which a grating of very narrow slits is added between the two slits. Rydberg atoms are toobig and cannot pass through the slits of the grating. We show with numerical simulations thatthe transmission densities in the standard interpretation and in the double-solution interpretationgive very different results (a dark band appears in the center of the pattern). Experimentalimplementation now seems possible and would be a crucial test between these two interpretations.

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•May 1, 2018•0 citations
For nearly 100 years, the incompleteness of quantum formalism and the probabilistic nature ofmeasurement have been the subject of ongoing debate, with no interpretation achieving unanimousagreement.In double-slit interference experiments, standard quantum theory does not take particle sizeinto account, which is not the case in de Broglie’s double-solution theory. We use the large sizeof Rydberg atoms to propose an experiment to test the incompleteness of the standard quantumformalism.We present a variation on the double-slit experiment performed with Rydberg sodium atoms,in which a grating of very narrow slits is added between the two slits. Rydberg atoms are toobig and cannot pass through the slits of the grating. We show with numerical simulations thatthe transmission densities in the standard interpretation and in the double-solution interpretationgive very different results (a dark band appears in the center of the pattern). Experimentalimplementation now seems possible and would be a crucial test between these two interpretations.
This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young's double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave ψψψ, which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ``size'' of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie's double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie's wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.
This article presents an experiment that can be conducted today and that could provide a deeper understanding of the interaction between the wave and particle aspects of an atom. The wave-particle duality is often presented as mutually exclusive: one considers either the wave aspect or the particle aspect. Our proposed experiment involves both aspects simultaneously and raises new questions. It is a slightly modified version of Young’s double-slit interference experiment (a grid of narrow slits is added between the two wide slits) and is carried out using Rydberg atoms. Young-type interference experiments typically involve only the de Broglie wave ψ , which depends solely on the mass and velocity of the atoms. However, with Rydberg atoms having a large principal quantum number, the ”size” of the atom-particle also becomes significant. The two large slits are wide enough to allow the Rydberg atoms to pass through, whereas the grid of narrow slits prevents them from passing through. We numerically simulate the possible outcomes based on different hypotheses regarding wave-particle interaction. Conducting the experiment in practice would allow us to distinguish between these hypotheses and deepen our understanding of wave-particle interaction. The conceptual framework of Louis de Broglie’s double solution theory is well-suited to this experiment because it distinguishes between two types of waves: an external or statistical wave (de Broglie’s wave) and an internal or physical wave (corresponding to the physical particle). We will examine the relevance of this approach.
Young’s double slit experiments revived the wave theory of light. The standard interpretation is that the light behaves as waves before and after passing through the double slit. Feynman called the double slit experiment the only mystery in quantum mechanics. In this article, we experimentally show the novel universal phenomena: (1) each of the fringes of the interference patterns are produced independently and partially; (2) within macro-distance from a diaphragm, the light rays behave as photons and produces a non-interference pattern; while near the screen, the photons produce an orthogonal interference pattern; (3) The non-interference pattern evolves to the orthogonal interference pattern gradually in the same experiment; (4) The non-interference patterns and the orthogonal interference patterns can show on the screen simultaneously; (5) The convex lens stops the further evolution. The experiments: (1) challenge the wave theories of light; (2) violate both Bohr’s complementarity principle and wave particle duality; (3) provide profound phenomena for developing optics and for studying the nature of light; (4) suggest that a complete theory should be able to consistently interpret all phenomena, including the non-interference pattern, the interference pattern, and the evolution from the non-interference to the interference pattern in the same experiment.
The standard quantum theory has not taken into account the size of quantum particles, the latter being implicitly treated as material points. The recent interference experiments of Zeilinger [3] with large molecules like fullerenes and the thought experiments of Bozic et al [7] with asymmetrical Young slits make it possible today to take into account the particle size. We present here a complete study of this phenomenon where our simulations show differences between the particles density after the slits and the modulus square of the wave function. Then we propose a crucial experiment that allows us to reconsider the wave-particle duality and to test the existence of the Broglie-Bohm trajectories for indistinguishable particles.
Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been described by wave theories, such as the optical wave theory, the electromagnetic wave (EM wave) theory and pilot wave theory. Recently, the coexistence of the particle nature and the wave distribution of light in double slit and grating experiments has been demonstrated. In this article we utilize the photon chamber to detect the traces of the light beams in the double slit/grating experiments. The existence of the light tracks indicates the particle nature of the light beam in the wave experiments. The particle nature of the light beams is visualized by the tracks, while the wave-like distribution is visualized by the interference/diffraction patterns on screen. Furthermore, we cover the two sides of the photon chamber by metal foils. If the light beams were the EM waves, then the interference/diffraction patterns would be disturbed. The experiments show that the light behave as particles moving through the photon chamber, while distribute as waves without being disturbed. Thus, the double slit/grating + photon chamber experiments visually indicate that the wave interpretations of the optical wave/EM wave theories of the double slit/grating experiments are incomplete, and that the lights are not the EM waves. However, the experiments support the concept of the pilot wave theory at far field. The experiments in this article make the mystery of the double slit experiments even more mysterious, and violate both the wave-particle duality and the complementarity principle.
Abstract: Many problems exist in the Double Slit Experiment when you consider that the elements in the test are moving as waves. Outside of the pattern resembling peeks and troughs that overlap each other; there is no real scientific explanation on how this is taking place. In a more accurate and classical way, can we explain how the dark and light areas of the interference pattern are being made? Why is an Interference pattern being made when particles are being sent through the exercise one at a time? And how is it that through observation the Interference pattern collapses in on itself. Waves add more questions than they do answers, a very typical outcome of an incorrect solution. Maybe the unanswered questions left behind by the wave theory is a confirmation of its inaccuracy and not the mystique of its results. Rather than double down on the wave theory with time traveling particles, elements of duality, and the Copenhagen Interpretation; l reconsidered that elements tested in the double slit experiment behave as particles. But this time, I weighed the thought that these bits of matter are much smaller than previously thought. This new logic allowed particles with straight trajectories to interact with the edge of materials used in the double slit wall in a very detailed way. This created a storm of new ways to look at what is really taking place in the test; revealing the competence of the detectors utilized and the capacity of the Nonlinear Optical Crystal. Everything solved from just one idea, that quantum move as particles but on a much smaller scale. This is the enigma of the Double Slit Experiment.