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Wigner expansions for partition functions of nonrelativistic and relativistic oscillator systems

Christian Zylka, Guenter Vojta

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The equilibrium quantum statistics of various anharmonic oscillator systems including relativistic systems is considered within the Wigner phase space formalism. For this purpose the Wigner series expansion for the partition function is generalized to include relativistic corrections. The new series for partition functions and all thermodynamic potentials yield quantum corrections in terms of powers of h(sup 2) and relativistic corrections given by Kelvin functions (modified Hankel functions) K(sub nu)(mc(sup 2)/kT). As applications, the symmetric Toda oscillator, isotonic and singular anharmonic oscillators, and hindered rotators, i.e. oscillators with cosine potential, are addressed.

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•Apr 15, 2021•0 citations
The equilibrium quantum statistics of various anharmonic oscillator systems including relativistic systems is considered within the Wigner phase space formalism. For this purpose the Wigner series expansion for the partition function is generalized to include relativistic corrections. The new series for partition functions and all thermodynamic potentials yield quantum corrections in terms of powers of h(sup 2) and relativistic corrections given by Kelvin functions (modified Hankel functions) K(sub nu)(mc(sup 2)/kT). As applications, the symmetric Toda oscillator, isotonic and singular anharmonic oscillators, and hindered rotators, i.e. oscillators with cosine potential, are addressed.
A simple method is demonstrated of expanding the quantum-mechanical partition function in powers of the interaction potential between the particles of the system. The result is valid for all types of statistics and for all types of interaction, provided the interaction potential is nonsingular. The general term is expressed, in terms of known quantities, in a compact form. It is shown that the series must be considerably modified for the case in which the potential is singular. The convergence of the series is discussed briefly.
A new formalism of the thermodynamic perturbation theory for the quantum-anharmonic oscillator is proposed. By this method, for each order of the perturbation series, the partition function and the free energy of the system can be obtained in a compact form which is expressed by the temperature Green's function of the harmonic quanta. Based upon a unified method, the various expressions of the perturbation series for the partition function and the free energy are also given. It is shown that the perturbation series for the free energy can be naturally formulated in terms of a cluster expansion.
The path-integral approach is used for determining quantum corrections to the free energy of nonlinear systems. An effective potential, to be inserted in the configurational integral, is constructed by a new variational scheme which gives the quantum modification of the potential due to the anharmonic part together with the frequency renormalization. The single anharmonic oscillator is studied first. Then the extension to fields is presented and a new general expression for the partition function is given. The method is applied to the sine-Gordon chain and explicit calculations of the specific heat are shown.
Abstract The functional integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium in non-relativistic quantum mechanics (QM) with many degrees of freedom, in the grand canonical formulation is introduced. In QM, Hamiltonians H(p,q) can be also expressed in terms of creation and annihilation operators, a method adapted to the study of perturbed harmonic oscillators. In the holomorphic formalism, quantum operators act by multiplication and differentiation on a vector space of analytic functions. Alternatively, they can also be represented by kernels, functions of complex variables that correspond in the classical limit to a complex parametrization of phase space. The formalism is adapted to the description of many-body boson systems. To this formalism corresponds a path integral representation of the density matrix at thermal equilibrium, where paths belong to complex spaces, instead of the more usual position–momentum phase space. A parallel formalism can be set up to describe systems with many fermion degrees of freedom, with Grassmann variables replacing complex variables. Both formalisms can be generalized to quantum gases of Bose and Fermi particles in the grand canonical formulation. Field integral representations of the corresponding quantum partition functions are derived.