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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Experimental photonic quantum simulation of frustrated Heisenberg spins

Philip John Walther, Xiao‐Song Ma, Borivoje Dakić, William R. Naylor, Anton Zeilinger

Published Mar 24, 2011• 1 citation
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Quantum simulators are capable of calculating properties of quantum systems unfeasible for classical computers. Here we report the analog quantum simulation of arbitrary Heisenberg-type interactions among four spin-1/2 particles. This spin-1/2 tetramer is the two-dimensional archetype system whose ground state belongs to the class of valence-bond states. Depending on the interaction strength, frustration within the system emerges such that the ground state evolves from a localized to a resonating valence-bond state. This spin-1/2 tetramer is created using the polarization states of four photons. We utilize the particular advantages of the precise single-particle addressability and a tunable measurement-induced interaction to obtain fundamental insights into entanglement dynamics among individual particles. We also directly extract ground-state energies and pair-wise quantum correlations, which enable our quantum simulator to investigate the frustration of entanglement. Remarkably, the pair-wise correlations are restricted by quantum monogamy.