It is well known that measurements performed on spatially separated entangled quantum systems can give rise to correlations that are nonlocal, in the sense that a Bell inequality is violated. They cannot, however, be used for superluminal signaling. It is also known that it is possible to write down sets of ``superquantum'' correlations that are more nonlocal than is allowed by quantum mechanics, yet are still nonsignaling. Viewed as an information-theoretic resource, superquantum correlations are very powerful at reducing the amount of communication needed for distributed computational tasks. An intriguing question is why quantum mechanics does not allow these more powerful correlations. We aim to shed light on the range of quantum possibilities by placing them within a wider context. With this in mind, we investigate the set of correlations that are constrained only by the no-signaling principle. These correlations form a polytope, which contains the quantum correlations as a (proper) subset. We determine the vertices of the no-signaling polytope in the case that two observers each choose from two possible measurements with $d$ outcomes. We then consider how interconversions between different sorts of correlations may be achieved. Finally, we consider some multipartite examples.It is well known that measurements performed on spatially separated entangled quantum systems can give rise to correlations that are nonlocal, in the sense that a Bell inequality is violated. They cannot, however, be used for superluminal signaling. It is also known that it is possible to write down sets of ``superquantum'' correlations that are more nonlocal than is allowed by quantum mechanics, yet are still nonsignaling. Viewed as an information-theoretic resource, superquantum correlations are very powerful at reducing the amount of communication needed for distributed computational tasks. An intriguing question is why quantum mechanics does not allow these more powerful correlations. We aim to shed light on the range of quantum possibilities by placing them within a wider context. With this in mind, we investigate the set of correlations that are constrained only by the no-signaling principle. These correlations form a polytope, which contains the quantum correlations as a (proper) subset. We determine the vertices of the no-signaling polytope in the case that two observers each choose from two possible measurements with $d$ outcomes. We then consider how interconversions between different sorts of correlations may be achieved. Finally, we consider some multipartite examples.

arXiv:quant-ph/0404097Physical Review AFeb 2, 2005615 citations

Local and Nonlocal Correlations

Nicolas Gisin

Springer eBooksJan 1, 20141 citation

Certification and applications of quantum nonlocal correlations

A Elena Piceno-Martínez, L. Rosales-Zárate, P. Ornelas-Cruces

Abstract Entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering are nonlocal quantum correlations, which are relevant resources for quantum information protocols. EPR steering, or quantum steering, refers to the correlation where a party might ‘steer’, or modify, the state of another, which is spatially separated. Entanglement is a symmetric resource while steering is asymmetrical, since it depends on the direction of the effect. Due to these different characteristics and the therefore different possible applications, there has been both theoretical and experimental research on forms to certify the distinct quantum nonlocal correlations. In recent years, alongside the investigation on quantum correlations between two systems, there has been a great interest in investigating multipartite/multimode entanglement as well as steering, since they include a high dimension and it may be possible to store more information than in a single qubit. In this review, we will summarize the different criteria and measures that have been developed for the characterization of these two kinds of correlations. We first focus on bipartite entanglement and steering. We then review the progress that has been made in the investigation of multipartite quantum correlations. We revise the theoretical work in quantum nonlocal correlation witnesses and measures, which respectively allow one to certify that the system is entangled or presents EPR steering, and give a quantification of the content of these correlations in the system. Then, we briefly review the experiments that have been designed and that demonstrate multipartite quantum correlations. We also include applications in quantum information protocols, in particular in quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography.Abstract Entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering are nonlocal quantum correlations, which are relevant resources for quantum information protocols. EPR steering, or quantum steering, refers to the correlation where a party might ‘steer’, or modify, the state of another, which is spatially separated. Entanglement is a symmetric resource while steering is asymmetrical, since it depends on the direction of the effect. Due to these different characteristics and the therefore different possible applications, there has been both theoretical and experimental research on forms to certify the distinct quantum nonlocal correlations. In recent years, alongside the investigation on quantum correlations between two systems, there has been a great interest in investigating multipartite/multimode entanglement as well as steering, since they include a high dimension and it may be possible to store more information than in a single qubit. In this review, we will summarize the different criteria and measures that have been developed for the characterization of these two kinds of correlations. We first focus on bipartite entanglement and steering. We then review the progress that has been made in the investigation of multipartite quantum correlations. We revise the theoretical work in quantum nonlocal correlation witnesses and measures, which respectively allow one to certify that the system is entangled or presents EPR steering, and give a quantification of the content of these correlations in the system. Then, we briefly review the experiments that have been designed and that demonstrate multipartite quantum correlations. We also include applications in quantum information protocols, in particular in quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography.

Journal of Physics PhotonicsAug 4, 20235 citations

Information theory and quantum correlations

Simon J. D. Phoenix, Stephen Mark Barnett

Lecture notes in physicsJan 1, 19910 citations

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outcomes. We then consider how interconversions between different sorts of correlations may be achieved. Finally, we consider some multipartite examples.