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Springer eBooks

Soliton Collisions for Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement of Photon Number: The QND Soliton Interferometer

Stephen R. Friberg

Published Jan 1, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4613-0847-8_60

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Summary form only given. Quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurements are those that do not disturb the quantum distribution of the variable being measured. It has been experimentally demonstrated that QND measurement of the photon number an be achieved by use of wavelength-multiplexed soliton collisions. A quantum analysis of the experiment has also been developed. It was found that the phase spreading of the probe as a result of self-phase modulation can contribute significant noises. In this paper we propose a new and better QND scheme using cross-polarized soliton collisions in a fiber loop interferometer. The scheme requires only a single wavelength laser source and can be fully fiber-integrated, and, most importantly, the noise caused by self-phase modulation is automatically suppressed by detection of the squeezed quadrature of the probe soliton.

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Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement is an important tool in the fields of quantum information processing and quantum optics. The atom-light hybrid interferometer is of great interest due to its combination of an atomic spin wave and an optical wave, which can be utilized for photon number QND measurement via the AC-Stark effect. In this paper, we present an SU(1,1)-SU(2)-concatenated atom-light hybrid interferometer, and theoretically study QND measurement of the photon number. Compared to the traditional SU(2) interferometer, the signal-to-noise ratio in a balanced case is improved by a gain factor of the nonlinear Raman process (NRP) in this proposed interferometer. Furthermore, the condition of high-quality QND measurement is analyzed. In the presence of losses, the measurement quality is reduced. We can adjust the gain parameter of the NRP in the readout stage to reduce the impact due to losses. Moreover, this scheme is a multiarm interferometer, which has the potential of multiparameter estimation with many important applications in the detection of vector fields, quantum imaging, and so on.

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Summary form only given. Quantum-nondemolition (QND) measurements are those that do not disturb the quantum distribution of the variable being measured. It has been experimentally demonstrated that QND measurement of the photon number an be achieved by use of wavelength-multiplexed soliton collisions. A quantum analysis of the experiment has also been developed. It was found that the phase spreading of the probe as a result of self-phase modulation can contribute significant noises. In this paper we propose a new and better QND scheme using cross-polarized soliton collisions in a fiber loop interferometer. The scheme requires only a single wavelength laser source and can be fully fiber-integrated, and, most importantly, the noise caused by self-phase modulation is automatically suppressed by detection of the squeezed quadrature of the probe soliton.
When atoms are illuminated by an off-resonant field, the AC Stark effect will lead to phase shifts in atomic states. The phase shifts are proportional to the photon number of the off-resonant illuminating field. By measuring the atomic phase with newly developed atom-light hybrid interferometers, we can achieve quantum non-demolition measurement of the photon number of the optical field. In this paper, we analyze theoretically the performance of this QND measurement scheme by using the QND measurement criteria established by Holland et al [Phys. Rev. A 42, 2995 (1990)]. We find the quality of the QND measurement depends on the phase resolution of the atom-light hybrid interferometers. We apply this QND measurement scheme to a twin-photon state from parametric amplifier to verify the photon correlation in the twin beams. Furthermore, a sequential QND measurement procedure is analyzed for verifying the projection property of quantum measurement and for the quantum information tapping. Finally, we discuss the possibility for single-photon-number-resolving detection via QND measurement.
Quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement is an important tool in the fields of quantum information processing and quantum optics. The atom-light hybrid interferometer is of great interest due to its combination of an atomic spin wave and an optical wave, which can be utilized for photon number QND measurement via the AC-Stark effect. In this paper, we present an SU(1,1)-SU(2)-concatenated atom-light hybrid interferometer, and theoretically study QND measurement of the photon number. Compared to the traditional SU(2) interferometer, the signal-to-noise ratio in a balanced case is improved by a gain factor of the nonlinear Raman process (NRP) in this proposed interferometer. Furthermore, the condition of high-quality QND measurement is analyzed. In the presence of losses, the measurement quality is reduced. We can adjust the gain parameter of the NRP in the readout stage to reduce the impact due to losses. Moreover, this scheme is a multiarm interferometer, which has the potential of multiparameter estimation with many important applications in the detection of vector fields, quantum imaging, and so on.