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Experimental Observation of Masking Intensity-Modulation Y-00 signals at 10Gb/s by Noise for Secure Optical Communication

Fumio Futami, Osamu Hirota

Published Jan 1, 2011• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An experimental measurement of intensity noise masking of Y-00 signals at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. 64-level intensity modulation signals for secure optical fiber communications by Y-00 protocol are measured by the direct detection and it is shown intensity noise masks more than 14-signal levels disabling correct signal level discrimination by an eavesdropper's direct detection measurement.

Related papers

Experimental observation of masking Y-00 cipher signal levels by intensity noise

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Field transmission test of 2.5-Gb/s Y-00 cipher in 160-km (40 km × 4 spans) is demonstrated in the installed optical fiber for secure optical fiber communications. A long term investigation of an intensity modulated Y-00 transmitter and receiver with signal intensity levels of 4096 is conducted and the bit error rate of < 10−9 for a month is successfully achieved.

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A Y-00 transceiver for quantum encryption communication systems employing the Yuen-2000 protocol based on optical intensity modulation, which utilizes the quantum effect of coherent light has been developed and tested in field experiments. These experiments involved repeated transmission over a 192-km line on an existing commercial optical communication network with a bit-rate of 2.5 Gb/s based on STM-16 or OC-48. In addition, the affinity of the developed system for existing networks and communication protocols (Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel) was examined. Subsequently, three optical fiber amplifiers were inserted as intermediate repeaters to give a non-repeated transmission distance of 48 km. The bit error rate after 192-km transmission was 10-12with an optical power of -19.4 dBm at the receiving end. In addition, it was confirmed that if an eavesdropper increased the received optical power, the bit error rate converged to about 5 × 10- 1and the identification of the true signal levels was virtually impracticable. These experimental results confirmed the high affinity between the Y-00 system and existing optical commercial networks and protocols used in the fundamental experiments. It was also apparent that the realization of highly secure optical communication networks was feasible. The performance of the Y-00 transceiver can be expected to improve to meet the strictest security evaluation.

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1,000-km Transmission of 1.5-Gb/s Y-00 Quantum Stream Cipher using 4096-level Intensity Modulation Signals

Fumio Futami, Ken Tanizawa, Kentaro Kato +1 more

A real-time 1.5-Gb/s Y-00 quantum stream cipher transmission for secure optical communication is experimentally demonstrated. An error-free (BER < 10-9) transmission of 4096-level intensity-modulation cipher signals is achieved in a dispersion-managed link over 1,000 km.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2019•10 citations
An experimental measurement of intensity noise masking of Y-00 signals at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. 64-level intensity modulation signals for secure optical fiber communications by Y-00 protocol are measured by the direct detection and it is shown intensity noise masks more than 14-signal levels disabling correct signal level discrimination by an eavesdropper's direct detection measurement.
The Internet plays an essential role in modern societies and in the amount of sensitive data transported over the optical networks that shows its' importance has increased drastically. Therefore, it is critical to develop data protection schemes for optical fiber communications to provide user security. The Y-00 quantum-noise randomized stream cipher that employs extremely high-order modulation and restricts an attacker's interception of ciphertext is a practical candidate for providing data protection. In this article, we introduce the operation principle of the Y-00 cipher with respect to data encryption and decryption. The Y-00 cipher combines the mathematical encryption of multi-level signaling and physical randomness, and provides a high level of security to the physical layer of optical communications and a high communication performance. We also present the noise masking phenomenon of the Y-00 cipher with intensity modulation (IM). This noise masking is generated by shot noise, i.e., quantum noise and additive noise such as amplified spontaneous emission noise. The noise masking phenomenon fails an attacker's interception of the ciphertext. The secrecy of the IM Y-00 cipher is also discussed, and an approximate analytical solution is introduced for evaluating the probability of the attackers accurately guessing the ciphertext. Finally, the secrecy of a 1,000-km transmission system is experimentally demonstrated with the Y-00 cipher transceiver at data rate of 1.5-Gb/s using the derived analytical solution to deduce the high secrecy of the entire transmission system.
A Y-00 transceiver for quantum encryption communication systems employing the Yuen-2000 protocol based on optical intensity modulation, which utilizes the quantum effect of coherent light has been developed and tested in field experiments. These experiments involved repeated transmission over a 192-km line on an existing commercial optical communication network with a bit-rate of 2.5 Gb/s based on STM-16 or OC-48. In addition, the affinity of the developed system for existing networks and communication protocols (Gigabit Ethernet and Fibre Channel) was examined. Subsequently, three optical fiber amplifiers were inserted as intermediate repeaters to give a non-repeated transmission distance of 48 km. The bit error rate after 192-km transmission was 10-12with an optical power of -19.4 dBm at the receiving end. In addition, it was confirmed that if an eavesdropper increased the received optical power, the bit error rate converged to about 5 × 10- 1and the identification of the true signal levels was virtually impracticable. These experimental results confirmed the high affinity between the Y-00 system and existing optical commercial networks and protocols used in the fundamental experiments. It was also apparent that the realization of highly secure optical communication networks was feasible. The performance of the Y-00 transceiver can be expected to improve to meet the strictest security evaluation.