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Springer eBooks

Spontaneous Emission Within A Photonic Atom: Radiative Decay Rates and Spectroscopy of Levitated Microspheres

S. Arnold

Published Jan 1, 2003• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-94-010-0287-5_12

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Spontaneous decay of an excited atom near a dispersing and absorbing microsphere of given complex permittivity that satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations is studied, with special emphasis on a Drude-Lorentz permittivity. Both the whispering gallery field resonances below the band gap (for a dielectric sphere) and the surface-guided field resonances inside the gap (for a dielectric or a metallic sphere) are considered. Since the decay rate mimics the spectral density of the sphere-assisted ground-state fluctuation of the radiation field, the strengths and widths of the field resonances essentially determine the feasible enhancement of spontaneous decay. In particular, strong enhancement can be observed for transition frequencies within the interval in which the surface-guided field resonances strongly overlap. When material absorption becomes significant, then the highly structured emission pattern that can be observed when radiative losses dominate, reduces to that of a strongly absorbing mirror. Accordingly, nonradiative decay becomes dominant. In particular, if the distance between the atom and the surface of the microsphere is small enough, the decay becomes purely nonradiative.

arXiv:quant-ph/0012103•Physical Review A•May 30, 2001•80 citations
The transition frequency shift and the spontaneous decay rate (the radiative linewidth) variation of an atom placed in a transparent dielectric microsphere are presented. It is demonstrated that with the refractive index of the microsphere material (e.g. diamond) being high enough, the size of the microsphere can be selected such that the spontaneous decay rate decreases (or increases) several times, depending on the position of the atom. At the same time, the atomic transition frequency shift proves to depend more strongly on the position of the atom, reaching high values near the surface of the microsphere.
After giving a summary of the basic-theoretical concept of quantization of the electromagnetic field in the presence of dispersing and absorbing (macroscopic) bodies, their effect on spontaneous decay of an excited atom is studied. Various configurations such as bulk material, planar half space media, spherical cavities, and microspheres are considered. In particular, the influence of material absorption on the local-field correction, the decay rate, the line shift, and the emission pattern are examined. Further, the interplay between radiative losses and losses due to material absorption is analyzed. Finally, the possibility of generating entangled states of two atoms coupled by a microsphere-assisted field is discussed.
Spontaneous decay of an excited atom near a dispersing and absorbing microsphere of given complex permittivity that satisfies the Kramers-Kronig relations is studied, with special emphasis on a Drude-Lorentz permittivity. Both the whispering gallery field resonances below the band gap (for a dielectric sphere) and the surface-guided field resonances inside the gap (for a dielectric or a metallic sphere) are considered. Since the decay rate mimics the spectral density of the sphere-assisted ground-state fluctuation of the radiation field, the strengths and widths of the field resonances essentially determine the feasible enhancement of spontaneous decay. In particular, strong enhancement can be observed for transition frequencies within the interval in which the surface-guided field resonances strongly overlap. When material absorption becomes significant, then the highly structured emission pattern that can be observed when radiative losses dominate, reduces to that of a strongly absorbing mirror. Accordingly, nonradiative decay becomes dominant. In particular, if the distance between the atom and the surface of the microsphere is small enough, the decay becomes purely nonradiative.