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Cordus Conjecture: Part 1.1 Quis es tu Photon?

Dirk John Pons, Arion Pons, Ariel M. Pons, Aiden Jasper Pons

Published Apr 1, 2011• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new conceptual model is proposed for the internal structure of the photon, and the mechanics thereof. This internal structure is called a cordus. The cordus consists of two reactive ends (RE) connected together with a fibril. The fibril connecting the two reactive ends does not interact with other matter. Each of the two reactive ends behaves like a whole photon in its ability to interact with other matter, including reflection, transmission, and the ability to take two paths, though it collapses to only one location. The reactive ends emit hyperfine fibrils (hyff) which are force lines. The cordus structure is neither a particle nor a wave, though can appear as either in certain circumstances.

Related papers

Wave–particle duality: A conceptual solution from the cordus conjecture

DJ Pons, Arion Douglas Pons, Ariel M. Pons +1 more

There are several integration problems of fundamental physics that still lack coherent solutions, the case in point being wave-particle duality. While empiricism and mathematical modelling have served physics well, they have not yet been able to achieve integrated causal models. Conventional theories and approaches have only provided partial solutions, and it is possible that a more radical reconceptualisation of fundamental physics may be required. This work comes at the issue from a totally different approach: it applies design thinking to the problem. The result is the cordus conjecture, which proposes that the photon, and indeed every matter ‘particle’, has an internal structure comprising a 'cordus': two reactive ends that each behave like a particle, with a fibril joining them. The reactive ends are proposed to be a small finite distance apart, and energised [typically in turn] at a frequency. When energised they emit a transient force pulse along a line called a hyperfine fibril [hyff], and this makes up the field. This concept is used to explain the path dilemmas of the single photon in the double-slit device, and the wave behaviour of light including the formation of fringes by single photons and beams of light. In addition it provides a tangible explanation for frequency. It also yields new quantitative derivations for several basic optical effects: critical angle, Snell’s law, and Brewster’s angle. Thus the cordus structure offers an alternative conceptual explanation for wave-particle duality.

Physics Essays•Mar 1, 2012•17 citations

Wave-particle duality: A proposed resolution

Dirk John Pons, Arion Douglas Pons, Ariel M. Pons +1 more

There are several integration problems of fundamental physics that still lack coherent solutions, the case in point being wave-particle duality. While empiricism and mathematical modelling have served physics well, they have not yet been able to achieve integrated causal models. Conventional theories and approaches have only provided partial solutions, and it is possible that a more radical reconceptualisation of fundamental physics may be required. This work comes at the issue from a totally different approach: it applies design thinking to the problem. The result is the cordus conjecture, which proposes that the photon, and indeed every matter ‘particle’, has an internal structure comprising a 'cordus': two reactive ends that each behave like a particle, with a fibril joining them. The reactive ends are proposed to be a small finite distance apart, and energised [typically in turn] at a frequency. When energised they emit a transient force pulse along a line called a hyperfine fibril [hyff], and this makes up the field. This concept is used to explain the path dilemmas of the single photon in the double-slit device, and the wave behaviour of light including the formation of fringes by single photons and beams of light. In addition it provides a tangible explanation for frequency. It also yields new quantitative derivations for several basic optical effects: critical angle, Snell’s law, and Brewster’s angle. Thus the cordus structure offers an alternative conceptual explanation for wave-particle duality.

•Jan 1, 2012•40 citations

Cordus Optics: Part 2.1 Frequency

Dirk John Pons, Arion Pons, Ariel M. Pons +1 more

Conventional particle and wave theories struggle to explain the frequency of photons and matter in a coherent manner using natural physics. This paper applies the cordus conjecture to develop a model for frequency of the photon. The interpretation is that there really is a part of the photon cordus that moves with a frequency. The working model is for a reciprocal motion: the energy alternates between the two reactive ends across the span of the cordus, and the hyff represent the observable electric field. This cordus model for frequency readily explains polarisation and tunnelling, and the concept is fundamental to other developments of the cordus mechanics including the reflection and refraction of particuloids. The implications are that frequency is not just an intrinsic variable, but a physical effect within the photon. The cordus frequency is a fundamental conceptual building-block in creating an integrated solution that unifies wave and particle behaviour. It is a powerful concept that is coherent across many other phenomena too, including matter particuloids and it contributes subsequently to the cordus model for granular fields.

•Apr 1, 2011•2 citations

Cordus Conjecture: Part 1.3 Explanation of Fringes

Dirk John Pons, Arion Pons, Ariel M. Pons +1 more

The cordus concept is shown to be able to explain wave behaviour in gaps, and fringes in the double slit device. This is useful because one of the enigmas of the double-slit device is that single photons form fringe patterns. Cordus explains fringes in terms of force lines called hyperfine fibrils (hyff) and their interaction with the edges of the light path. This also explains beam divergence and near-field effects. The results show that it is conceptually possible to create a solution for fringes based on a particuloid interpretation of light, without using the concept of interference. The biggest difference between Wave theory and the cordus explanation is their interpretation of the mechanism for fringes. Wave theory explains fringes as �interference�: two separate waves of light differing by full (half) fractions of wavelengths and thus constructively (destructively) interfering. From the Cordus perspective photons do not actually interfere or add together, and 'interference' is only a convenient analogy. The Cordus explanation is that fringes are caused instead by interaction of the photon hyff with opaque edges. This bracket of papers therefore offers a resolution of wave-particle duality by anticipating the internal cordus structure of the photon and the associated cordus mechanics. From this perspective wave and particle behaviours are simply the different output behaviours that the internal system shows depending on how it is measured. Thus Cordus offers a deeper mechanics that subsumes both quantum mechanics and wave theory. Surprisingly, Cordus suggests that the next deeper level of reality is deterministic.

•Apr 1, 2011•0 citations

Cordus Conjecture: Part 1.2 Quo Vadis, Photon?

Dirk John Pons, Arion Pons, Ariel M. Pons +1 more

Photon path dilemmas are a difficult area for conventional physics. Typical situations are the double-slit device and interferometers. The problem manifests as an apparent ability of the photon to simultaneously take all paths through the device, but eventually only appear at one. It is shown that a cordus structure is conceptually able to resolve the path dilemmas in wave-particle duality. Explanations are given for the double-slit device and interferometers. The Cordus conjecture implies there is a deeper, simpler, deterministic, and more elegant reality beneath quantum mechanics and wave theory.

•Apr 1, 2011•1 citation

Photon emission and absorption: The electron's internal processes

Dirk John Pons

A conceptual model is developed for the processes of photon emission and absorption. While the emission of light is well known in terms of quantum changes in energy levels of an electron, the fundamental physical processes are incompletely understood. How exactly does the photon emerge from the electron? How is light absorbed by matter? These foundational conceptual questions are the focus of this paper. We show that it is possible to develop new insights into this problem, based on the cordus model, which is a non-local hidden-variable solution. We start by predicting the structures of the photon and electron, both the internal geometric substructures, and their discrete fields. The model predicts that there are different mechanisms for the fields of the photon and electron, and uses this to explain the characteristics of the evanescent and electric fields. We then show how the bonding constraints arise on the electron, and how these require the electron to emit its excess energy. The process whereby a photon is created and separated out of the electron is identified. Photon emission and absorption thus result from an interaction between the discrete field elements and the internal structures. Emission is thus an escapement mechanism whereby matter particules that are overprescribed in position can get rid of that energy.

•Jan 1, 2012•1 citation
A new conceptual model is proposed for the internal structure of the photon, and the mechanics thereof. This internal structure is called a cordus. The cordus consists of two reactive ends (RE) connected together with a fibril. The fibril connecting the two reactive ends does not interact with other matter. Each of the two reactive ends behaves like a whole photon in its ability to interact with other matter, including reflection, transmission, and the ability to take two paths, though it collapses to only one location. The reactive ends emit hyperfine fibrils (hyff) which are force lines. The cordus structure is neither a particle nor a wave, though can appear as either in certain circumstances.
There are several integration problems of fundamental physics that still lack coherent solutions, the case in point being wave-particle duality. While empiricism and mathematical modelling have served physics well, they have not yet been able to achieve integrated causal models. Conventional theories and approaches have only provided partial solutions, and it is possible that a more radical reconceptualisation of fundamental physics may be required. This work comes at the issue from a totally different approach: it applies design thinking to the problem. The result is the cordus conjecture, which proposes that the photon, and indeed every matter ‘particle’, has an internal structure comprising a 'cordus': two reactive ends that each behave like a particle, with a fibril joining them. The reactive ends are proposed to be a small finite distance apart, and energised [typically in turn] at a frequency. When energised they emit a transient force pulse along a line called a hyperfine fibril [hyff], and this makes up the field. This concept is used to explain the path dilemmas of the single photon in the double-slit device, and the wave behaviour of light including the formation of fringes by single photons and beams of light. In addition it provides a tangible explanation for frequency. It also yields new quantitative derivations for several basic optical effects: critical angle, Snell’s law, and Brewster’s angle. Thus the cordus structure offers an alternative conceptual explanation for wave-particle duality.
There are several integration problems of fundamental physics that still lack coherent solutions, the case in point being wave-particle duality. While empiricism and mathematical modelling have served physics well, they have not yet been able to achieve integrated causal models. Conventional theories and approaches have only provided partial solutions, and it is possible that a more radical reconceptualisation of fundamental physics may be required. This work comes at the issue from a totally different approach: it applies design thinking to the problem. The result is the cordus conjecture, which proposes that the photon, and indeed every matter ‘particle’, has an internal structure comprising a 'cordus': two reactive ends that each behave like a particle, with a fibril joining them. The reactive ends are proposed to be a small finite distance apart, and energised [typically in turn] at a frequency. When energised they emit a transient force pulse along a line called a hyperfine fibril [hyff], and this makes up the field. This concept is used to explain the path dilemmas of the single photon in the double-slit device, and the wave behaviour of light including the formation of fringes by single photons and beams of light. In addition it provides a tangible explanation for frequency. It also yields new quantitative derivations for several basic optical effects: critical angle, Snell’s law, and Brewster’s angle. Thus the cordus structure offers an alternative conceptual explanation for wave-particle duality.
Conventional particle and wave theories struggle to explain the frequency of photons and matter in a coherent manner using natural physics. This paper applies the cordus conjecture to develop a model for frequency of the photon. The interpretation is that there really is a part of the photon cordus that moves with a frequency. The working model is for a reciprocal motion: the energy alternates between the two reactive ends across the span of the cordus, and the hyff represent the observable electric field. This cordus model for frequency readily explains polarisation and tunnelling, and the concept is fundamental to other developments of the cordus mechanics including the reflection and refraction of particuloids. The implications are that frequency is not just an intrinsic variable, but a physical effect within the photon. The cordus frequency is a fundamental conceptual building-block in creating an integrated solution that unifies wave and particle behaviour. It is a powerful concept that is coherent across many other phenomena too, including matter particuloids and it contributes subsequently to the cordus model for granular fields.
The cordus concept is shown to be able to explain wave behaviour in gaps, and fringes in the double slit device. This is useful because one of the enigmas of the double-slit device is that single photons form fringe patterns. Cordus explains fringes in terms of force lines called hyperfine fibrils (hyff) and their interaction with the edges of the light path. This also explains beam divergence and near-field effects. The results show that it is conceptually possible to create a solution for fringes based on a particuloid interpretation of light, without using the concept of interference. The biggest difference between Wave theory and the cordus explanation is their interpretation of the mechanism for fringes. Wave theory explains fringes as �interference�: two separate waves of light differing by full (half) fractions of wavelengths and thus constructively (destructively) interfering. From the Cordus perspective photons do not actually interfere or add together, and 'interference' is only a convenient analogy. The Cordus explanation is that fringes are caused instead by interaction of the photon hyff with opaque edges. This bracket of papers therefore offers a resolution of wave-particle duality by anticipating the internal cordus structure of the photon and the associated cordus mechanics. From this perspective wave and particle behaviours are simply the different output behaviours that the internal system shows depending on how it is measured. Thus Cordus offers a deeper mechanics that subsumes both quantum mechanics and wave theory. Surprisingly, Cordus suggests that the next deeper level of reality is deterministic.
Photon path dilemmas are a difficult area for conventional physics. Typical situations are the double-slit device and interferometers. The problem manifests as an apparent ability of the photon to simultaneously take all paths through the device, but eventually only appear at one. It is shown that a cordus structure is conceptually able to resolve the path dilemmas in wave-particle duality. Explanations are given for the double-slit device and interferometers. The Cordus conjecture implies there is a deeper, simpler, deterministic, and more elegant reality beneath quantum mechanics and wave theory.
A conceptual model is developed for the processes of photon emission and absorption. While the emission of light is well known in terms of quantum changes in energy levels of an electron, the fundamental physical processes are incompletely understood. How exactly does the photon emerge from the electron? How is light absorbed by matter? These foundational conceptual questions are the focus of this paper. We show that it is possible to develop new insights into this problem, based on the cordus model, which is a non-local hidden-variable solution. We start by predicting the structures of the photon and electron, both the internal geometric substructures, and their discrete fields. The model predicts that there are different mechanisms for the fields of the photon and electron, and uses this to explain the characteristics of the evanescent and electric fields. We then show how the bonding constraints arise on the electron, and how these require the electron to emit its excess energy. The process whereby a photon is created and separated out of the electron is identified. Photon emission and absorption thus result from an interaction between the discrete field elements and the internal structures. Emission is thus an escapement mechanism whereby matter particules that are overprescribed in position can get rid of that energy.