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Cambridge University Press eBooks

Conclusions

Pieter E. Vermaas

Published Feb 5, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Let's return to the three demands I have imposed on the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations. The first was the demand that these interpretations should provide well-developed descriptions of reality. And a first conclusion is that the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations indeed provide the necessary starting points to develop them. That is, they all describe reality by means of well-defined property ascriptions: for all it is clear on which points these descriptions of reality need improvement, and for all one has the means to make a start with these improvements. A second conclusion is, however, that the success with which the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations can be developed varies. The results with regard to the full property ascription to a single system are in my opinion satisfactory for all three interpretations (Chapter 5). But with regard to the correlations between the properties ascribed to different systems the results start to diverge. For the atomic modal interpretation such correlations can be given (Section 6.4). But for the spectral modal interpretation it is proved that such correlations do not always exist for the properties ascribed to non-disjoint systems (Section 6.3). And for the bi modal interpretation correlations are unknown or, when one accepts Instantaneous Autonomy, Dynamical Autonomy for measurements and Empirical Adequacy (Section 3.3), do not exist as well (Section 6.3). Only if one adopts perspectivalism, that is, if one assumes that one can simultaneously only consider the properties of two disjoint systems in the bi modal interpretation and of n disjoint systems in the spectral modal interpretation, these two interpretations give all the defined correlations.

DOI
10.1017/cbo9780511608230.019

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Cambridge University Press eBooks•Feb 5, 2010•0 citations

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Let's return to the three demands I have imposed on the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations. The first was the demand that these interpretations should provide well-developed descriptions of reality. And a first conclusion is that the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations indeed provide the necessary starting points to develop them. That is, they all describe reality by means of well-defined property ascriptions: for all it is clear on which points these descriptions of reality need improvement, and for all one has the means to make a start with these improvements. A second conclusion is, however, that the success with which the bi, spectral and atomic modal interpretations can be developed varies. The results with regard to the full property ascription to a single system are in my opinion satisfactory for all three interpretations (Chapter 5). But with regard to the correlations between the properties ascribed to different systems the results start to diverge. For the atomic modal interpretation such correlations can be given (Section 6.4). But for the spectral modal interpretation it is proved that such correlations do not always exist for the properties ascribed to non-disjoint systems (Section 6.3). And for the bi modal interpretation correlations are unknown or, when one accepts Instantaneous Autonomy, Dynamical Autonomy for measurements and Empirical Adequacy (Section 3.3), do not exist as well (Section 6.3). Only if one adopts perspectivalism, that is, if one assumes that one can simultaneously only consider the properties of two disjoint systems in the bi modal interpretation and of n disjoint systems in the spectral modal interpretation, these two interpretations give all the defined correlations.
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In Chapter 4 the different modal interpretations are introduced. Their property ascription to a system α is characterised by a core property ascription {〈P j ,C α J 〉} j . Chapter 5 treats the question of how the core property ascription to a system determines the full property ascription to the system, and of how that full property ascription induces an assignment of values to the magnitudes of the system. In Chapter 6 it is determined whether the properties that modal interpretations simultaneously ascribe to different systems can be correlated. A no-go theorem is derived which restricts the possibility of giving such correlations. In Chapter 7 it is shown that the set of properties, which a system possibly possesses, evolves in a number of undesirable ways. This evolution is, for instance, discontinuous and unstable. Chapter 8 is concerned with the evolution of the actually possessed properties of a system. It is proved for the case of freely evolving systems that this evolution is deterministic and for the case of interacting systems it is argued that this evolution cannot be uniquely fixed. In Chapter 9 it is proved that the evolution of the actually possessed properties of systems violates a number of the Dynamical Autonomy assumptions presented in Section 3.3. It is shown that this allows the descriptions of reality by modal interpretations to be non-local in a quite explicit way.
In this chapter I introduce the different versions of the modal interpretation, including the three on which I focus in this book. The property ascription of these versions is characterised by the map W α ↦ {〈p j , C α j 〉} j which I call the core property ascription. In the next chapter I discuss how this core property ascription determines the full property ascription W α ↦ The best modal interpretation The best imaginable modal interpretation is, I guess, an interpretation which (A) ascribes at all times all the properties to a system which pertain to that system, and (B) ascribes these properties such that the classical logical relations between the negation, conjunction and disjunction of properties are satisfied. The content of the first requirement (A) is clear: assuming that every projection onto a subspace of a Hilbert space ℋ α represents one and only one property of α, it follows that all sets of definite-valued projections should contain all the projections in ℋ α and that all the maps {. j } j should be maps from all the projections in ℋ α to the values {0,1}. The content of requirement (B) is, however, less clear because there is consensus neither about how to define the negation, conjunction and disjunction of properties in quantum mechanics nor about how to impose the logical relations. In Section 5.1 I present my choice for the definitions of the negation, conjunction and disjunction.
In this chapter I prove that the transition probabilities, which describe the dynamics of the actually possessed properties of systems, violate the assumption of Dynamical Autonomy for composite systems. And, related to this violation, it is also proved that the dynamics of the actually possessed properties is non-local in a quite explicit way. Introduction When I introduced the assumptions of Instantaneous and Dynamical Autonomy in Section 3.3, I motivated them by making an appeal to locality. In the case of Instantaneous Autonomy, I argued that a state of a system α should codify all the information about the property ascription to that system. For if a state does not codify all the information, it may happen that a change in the state of some distant system σ (I used the example of a far-away asteroid) means that the properties of α change as well. And this would make modal property ascriptions undesirably non-local. In the case of Dynamical Autonomy one can give a similar motivation. The state of a system α, as it evolves during a time interval i , should codify all the information about the simultaneous and sequential correlations between the properties ascribed to α in that interval i . For if the evolving state does not do so, it may happen that a change in a distant system changes the correlations between the properties of α as well. Modal interpretations satisfy a number of the Autonomy assumptions. All modal interpretations satisfy Instantaneous Autonomy by construction. The transition probabilities derived in Section 8.2 prove that the bi and spectral modal interpretations satisfy Dynamical Autonomy for whole systems and that the atomic modal interpretation satisfies Dynamical Autonomy for atomic systems.