Dark Solitons in F=1 Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate(General)

Zai-Dong Li, Qiuyan Li

V. Rajadurai, Vaduganathan Ramesh Kumar, R. Radha

Masaru Uchiyama, Jun’ichi Ieda, Miki Wadati

T. Panagos, A. Romero-Ros, G. C. Katsimiga +2 more

We explore soliton interactions in a homogeneous spinor $F=1$ Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) in the presence of a magnetic field, focusing on dark bright dark and bright dark bright configurations. We investigate how these interactions depend on the phase differences among bright solitons and their influence during the dynamics. Our findings align with prior non spinor results, i.e., repulsion among in phase bright solitons and attraction among out of phase pairs in self repulsive atomic BECs. The potential bright soliton attraction, added to the short range repulsion of dark dark soliton interactions, can lead to bound states. However, we find that these bound states break in the presence of spinor interactions due to the particle exchange dynamics between the hyperfine states of the components. Additonally, we develop an effective classical model to describe the soliton dynamics, using a Lagrangian approach. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing it against numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the proposed model captures the essential features of soliton behavior in the presence of spin interactions, and provides congruent soliton trajectories and interspecies particle exchange dynamics in most of the cases.

Takahiko Miyakawa, Hiroyuki Abé, Yuko Fukuyo

Xie Yuan-Dong

Soliton excitation with high-oder-nonlinearity of spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice is studied in detail. The exact solution for bright soliton which is expressed as an elliptic integral is found, and the analytic solution for dark soliton with particular parameters is presented. The energy is also found.