1. Quantum Mechanics, Reality and Separability: Physical Developments of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument.- Realism in Quantum Mechanics and a New Version of the EPR Experiment.- Discussion: M. Cini, F. De Martini, K. Kraus, T.W. Marshall, K.R. Popper, H. Rauch, M.C. Robinson, F. Selleri, J. Six, G. Tarozzi, J.-P. Vigier..- The Physical Origin of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox.- Does the Bell Inequality Hold for All Local Theories?.- Is it Possible to Save Causality and Locality in Quantum Mechanics?.- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiments and Macroscopic Locality.- On the Compatibility of Local Realism with Atomic Cascade Experiments.- Is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Demanded by Quantum Mechanics?.- Infinite Wave Resolution of the EPR Paradox.- On Non Local Influences.- Einstein Locality for Individual Systems and for Statistical Ensembles.- Can Nondetected Photons Simulate Nonlocal Effects in Two-Photon Polarization Correlation Experiments?.- 2. The Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Processes.- Quantum Theory of Measurement without Wave Packet Collapse.- A Causal Fluidodynamical Model for the Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.- On the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.- Recent Developments in de Broglie Nonlinear Wave Mechanics.- The Role of the Quantum Potential in Determining Particle Trajectories and the Resolution of the Measurement Problem.- When is Statistical Theory Causal?.- Radiation Damping and Nonlinearity in the Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Stochastic Electrodynamics and the Bell Inequalities.- Nonlocal Quantum-Potential Interpretation of Relativistic Actions at a Distance in Many-Body Problems.- 3. The Realistic Interpretation of the Wave Function: Experimental Tests on the Wave-Particle Dualism.- Third Kind Measurements and Wave-Particle Dualism.- Quantum Effects in the Interference of Light.- Tests of Quantum Mechanics by Neutron Interferometry.- A Unified Experiment for Testing both the Interpretation and the Reduction Postulate of the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function.- Epilogue.- Evolutionary Epistemology.
Quantum Mechanics, Reality and Separability: Physical Developments of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument.- Realism in Quantum Mechanics and a New Version of the EPR Experiment.- Discussion: M. Cini, F. De Martini, K. Kraus, T.W. Marshall, K.R. Popper, H. Rauch, M.C. Robinson, F. Selleri, J. Six, G. Tarozzi, J.-P. Vigier..- The Physical Origin of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox.- Does the Bell Inequality Hold for All Local Theories?.- Is it Possible to Save Causality and Locality in Quantum Mechanics?.- Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiments and Macroscopic Locality.- On the Compatibility of Local Realism with Atomic Cascade Experiments.- Is the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Demanded by Quantum Mechanics?.- Infinite Wave Resolution of the EPR Paradox.- On Non Local Influences.- Einstein Locality for Individual Systems and for Statistical Ensembles.- Can Nondetected Photons Simulate Nonlocal Effects in Two-Photon Polarization Correlation Experiments?.- 2. The Stochastic Interpretation of Quantum Processes.- Quantum Theory of Measurement without Wave Packet Collapse.- A Causal Fluidodynamical Model for the Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.- On the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.- Recent Developments in de Broglie Nonlinear Wave Mechanics.- The Role of the Quantum Potential in Determining Particle Trajectories and the Resolution of the Measurement Problem.- When is Statistical Theory Causal?.- Radiation Damping and Nonlinearity in the Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Stochastic Electrodynamics and the Bell Inequalities.- Nonlocal Quantum-Potential Interpretation of Relativistic Actions at a Distance in Many-Body Problems.- 3. The Realistic Interpretation of the Wave Function: Experimental Tests on the Wave-Particle Dualism.- Third Kind Measurements and Wave-Particle Dualism.- Quantum Effects in the Interference of Light.- Tests of Quantum Mechanics by Neutron Interferometry.- A Unified Experiment for Testing both the Interpretation and the Reduction Postulate of the Quantum Mechanical Wave Function.- Epilogue.- Evolutionary Epistemology.
1 History of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox.- 2 Are Faster-Than-Light Influences Necessary?.- 3 All the Inequalities of Einstein Locality.- 4 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiments Using the Decays of ?c or J/? into ??? ? ?-?p?+p?.- Chapter5 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox for the K0-K?0 and B0-B?0 Systems.- 6 Even Local Probabilities Lead to the Paradox.- 7 The Experimental Investigation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Question and Bell's Inequality.- 8 Rapisarda's Experiment: Testing Quantum Mechanics versus Local Hidden-Variable Theories with Dichotomic Analyzers.- 9 Nonlocality and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment as Understood through the Quantum-Potential Approach.- 10 Interpretation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Effect in Terms of a Generalized Causality.- 11 Quantum Action-at-a-Distance: The Mystery of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Correlations.- 12 Particle Trajectories and Quantum Correlations.- 13 Bell's Inequality and the Nonergodic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- 14 An Extended-Probability Response to the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument.- 15 The Search for Hidden Variables in Quantum Mechanics.- 16 Variable Detection Probability Models for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Type Experiments.- 17 Stochastic Electrodynamics and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument.- 18 Explicit Calculations with a Hidden-Variable Spin Model.- 19 Symmetric and Asymmetric Models for Atomic Cascade Experiments.
Quantum Measurements.- Quantum mechanics of macroscopic systems and measurement processes.- The haunted measurement in quantum theory.- A quantum-statistical model of quantum measurement.- Potential and real states in quantum mechanics.- Wave function collapse in the ensemble interpretation.- Nonlinear models for quantum-mechanical measurements.- Meaning and measurability of nonlocal quantum states.- New Developments of Quantum Theory.- The mathematical expression of the uncertainty principle.- Quantization of Hamiltonian theories based on a probability operator.- Classical to quantum: A generalized phase transition.- Quantum description of microscopic and microscopic systems: Old problems and recent investigations.- Towards a process formalism in quantum physics.- A generalized Schroedinger formalism from a Hamiltonian flow in a higher dimensional space.- How the nonlinear phenomena impose the reinterpretation of quantum mechanics.- On the equivalence between the superposition principle and a global gauge invariance.- Meanings of Quantum Theory.- The 2-photon elementary quantum phenomenon and spacetime structure.- Causality as indentified with conditional probability and the quantal nonseparability.- Realism versus positivism: An attempt at reconcilement in the Einstein-Bohr debate.- Four-dimensional realism and waves carrying physical data codedly as keys to understandable models.- Testing interpretations of quantum mechanics.- On the relation between the recent new statistical prediction of quantum mechanics by Albert, Aharonov, and D'Amato, the EPR reasoning, and Bell's Inequality.- Beyond quantum theory: A realist psycho-biological interpretation of physical reality.- Locality, causality, quantum events, and all that.- The Einstein-Bohr debate: I. The background.- Contingency and lawfulness: Conditions for encounter.- Epr Paradox: Critical Examinations.- Towards a realist theory of measurement.- The tacit postulate on single events and the comparison of classical and quantum spin correlation experiments.- Weak realism for pairs of correlated systems.- Comments on EPR, locality and reality.- The EPR and the proposal of action at a distance.- The discription of separated systems and quantum mechanics and a possible explanation for the probabilities of quantum mehanics.- Against dualism: An observation concerning non-locality.- Bell's theorem: A note on locality.- EPR paradox considered as a criticism of the statevector reduction in the quantum mechanical description of correlated separated systems.- EPR and the strange nature of the quantum state or why I can live with EPR.- Why the EPR paradox has been resolved in favor of Einstein.- Probability and the way out of the great quantum muddle.- Where lies the mistake in the clauser and Home proof of Bell's theorem?.
The Italian Debate on Quantum Paradoxes.- 1. The Epistemological Roots of Quantum Paradoxes.- Waves, Particles and Complementarity.- Chance: Chaos or Logic?.- Some Critical Considerations on the Present Epistemological and Scientific Debate on Quantum Mechanics.- 2. Einstein Locauty, Separable Reality, and Quantum Correlations.- Physical Consequences of Reality Criteria for Quantum Phenomena.- Possible Link Between EPR Paradox and Waves.- A Criticism of Some Recently Proposed Models that Violate the Bell Inequality.- A Phenomenological Analysis of the EPR Argument.- 3. Causal and Deterministic Interpretations of Quantum Formausm.- Causal versus Orthodox Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Perspectives of Physical Determinism.- Determinism, Separability, and Quantum Mechanics.- 4. Quantum Theory and Gravitation.- Can Singularities and Multidimensional Spaces Influence the Evolution of Quantum Mechanical Systems?.- Subquantum Mechanics and Graviton Blas.- 5. Logic and Probability in Quantum Mechanics.- Foundations of Quantum Mechanics. A Quantum Probabilistic Approach.- On the Adequacy of a Nonclassical Logic for Quantum Theory.- Remarks on the Hypothesis of Hidden Variables.- 6. Historical Developments of the Einstein-Bohr Controversy.- Historical Considerations on the Conceptual Experiment by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen.- Continuity and Discontinuity: The Einstein-Bohr Conflict of Ideas and the Bohr-Fock Discussion.- How Italian Philosophy Reacted to the Advent of Quantum Mechanics in the Thirties.- Italian Studies in the Foundations of Quantum Physics. A Bibliography (1965-1985).
This article surveys a selection of key conceptual and interpretational developments in quantum mechanics, tracing the theory from its foundational postulates to contemporary discussions of measurement, nonlocality, and the emergence of classicality. Beginning with the structure of Hilbert space and the postulates governing state evolution and measurement, the epistemic stance of the Copenhagen interpretation and its modern reformulations are examined. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen argument, Bell's theorem, and Hardy's paradox are then discussed as probes of locality and realism, alongside the deterministic but explicitly nonlocal de Broglie-Bohm theory. The measurement problem and the implications of contextuality are analyzed in relation to objective collapse models, which introduce new physical dynamics to account for definite outcomes. Finally, the role of decoherence in the suppression of interference and the emergence of classical behavior is explored, together with the interpretational frameworks of many-worlds and consistent histories. This material aims to provide a coherent introductory overview of how several of the most prominent interpretations address the central concern of what quantum mechanics tells us about the nature of physical reality.
Section I.- Theoretical Implications of Time-Dependent Double Resonance Neutron Interferometry.- Calculations in the Causal Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Calculation of Amplification Processes Generated by Empty Quantum Waves.- Relative Metrics and Physical Models for Non-local Particles.- A Two-Fluid Vacuum, the Photex, and the Photex-Photon Connection.- Discussion I.- Section II.- Summary of F. De Martini's Paper, Testing of Particle Distinguish-ability with Laser Interference Experiments.- Toward a Causal Interpretation of the Relativistic Quantum Mechanics of a Spinning Particle.- Nonlinear Behaviour of Light at Very Low Intensities: The Photon Clump Model.- Geometry-Dependent Predictions of the Quantum Potential Model for the Anomalous Photoelectric Effect.- EPR-Type Experiments and Enhanced Photon Detection.- Discussion II.- Section III.- Stochastic Optics: Wave-Particle Duality Without Particles.- Neo-Hertzian Electromagnetism.- Effective Photon Hypothesis vs. Quantum Potential Theory: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Verification.- Compositeness of Photons and Its Implications.- Logical Meanings in Quantum Mechanics for Axioms and for Imaginary and Transfinite Numbers and Exponentials.- The Aharonov-Bohn Effect and the Quantum Interference Phase Shift due to an Electrostatic Field.- Discussion III.- Section IV.- Critical Analysis of the Tests of Local Realism Versus Quantum Mechanics.- Physical Photons: Theory, Experiment and Implications.- The Theoretical Nature of a Photon in a Lattice Vacuum.- Is the Photon Concept Really Necessary?.- Beyond Quantum Mechanics Using the Subvac.- Discussion IV.- Section V.- Does Quantum Electrodynamics Explain the Observed Lamb Shift?.- The Quantum and Rest Frame Vacuum - Absolute Motion with Lorentz Covariance.- The Double Slit Experiment and the Nonergodic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.- Einstein's Conception of the Ether and Its Up-To-Date Applications in the Relativistic Wave Mechanics.- Discussion V.- Section VI.- Concluding Remarks.- Concluding Remarks.- Comments.- Photo.- Conference Participants and Observers.
This article surveys a selection of key conceptual and interpretational developments in quantum mechanics, tracing the theory from its foundational postulates to contemporary discussions of measurement, nonlocality, and the emergence of classicality. Beginning with the structure of Hilbert space and the postulates governing state evolution and measurement, the epistemic stance of the Copenhagen interpretation and its modern reformulations are examined. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen argument, Bell’s theorem, and Hardy’s paradox are then discussed as probes of locality and realism, alongside the deterministic but explicitly nonlocal de Broglie–Bohm theory. The measurement problem and the implications of contextuality are analyzed in relation to objective collapse models, which introduce new physical dynamics to account for definite outcomes. Finally, the role of decoherence in the suppression of interference and the emergence of classical behavior is explored, together with the interpretational frameworks of many-worlds and consistent histories. This material aims to provide a coherent introductory overview of how several of the most prominent interpretations address the central concern of what quantum mechanics tells us about the nature of physical reality.