Particles, quanta, waves

Peter S. Buffa, Sally Beaty, Annenberg +1 more

Прохоров Лев Васильевич

The nature of particles, wave functions, and the possibility of breaking quanta are discussed.

Richard H. Bube

Henry H. Lindner

The photoelectric effect, the Compton effects, and now anticorrelation experiments have been claimed to prove that light consists of particles flying through a void. However the particle model is decisively falsified by the known wave qualities of electromagnetic radiation. Quantum Electrodynamics also uses spreading wave amplitudes; not flying particles. The evidence indicates that light is a wave and electrons are electromagnetic wave-structures that absorb and emit light in discrete wave-packets. These wave-quanta are emitted directionally and then spread in space in proportion to their wavelength. Their waves superposition with all other waves in space. In low intensity experiments, the waves that an electron in a photodetector absorbs come from the superpositioning of the source wave-quanta and background radiation. The importance of background radiation is evidenced by "dark counts". Treating electrons and the quanta they absorb and emit as particles when they are composed of waves is the source of all the paradoxes, unreality and confusion in Quantum Mechanics. The word "photon" should be replaced by "quantum" in the description of this particular electronic process. The conceptual model presented here explains the known phenomena without producing paradoxes and unifies quantum and classical electromagnetics.

Roger G. Newton

Леонід Чумаченко

The speed of light in a vacuum, 300,000 km/s, is determined by the frequency of internal oscillations of space quanta, which “roll” radiation photons. Any manifestations of particle-wave dualism are a consequence of the rank structure of the organization of space. Definitions: 1) A photon of radiation is one of the seven aggregate states of electromagnetic space, its elementary quantum, which has a higher internal frequency of natural oscillations (quanta of electricity and magnetism) than the environment - stationary electromagnetic space. 2) wave-particle duality is a spiral-shaped trajectory of motion manifested by objects, including radiation quanta, in a body of rank space, which in projection onto a plane is a wave.