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Cold atoms

Introduction to Theoretical Modelling

Matthew J. Davis, S. A. Gardiner, Thomas M. Hanna, Nicolai Gayle Nygaard, Nick P. Proukakis, Marzena Hanna Szymańska

Published Mar 18, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We briefly overview commonly encountered theoretical notions arising in the modelling of quantum gases, intended to provide a unified background to the ‘language’ and diverse theoretical models presented elsewhere in this book, and aimed particularly at researchers from outside the quantum gases community. Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9781848168121_0004

DOI
10.1142/9781848168121_0004

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The 1995 observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapours spawned the field of ultracold, degenerate quantum gases. Unprecedented developments in experimental design and precision control have led to quantum gases becoming the preferred playground for designer quantum many-body systems. This self-contained volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose–Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton–polariton condensates, it fills a gap by linking between different methods with origins in condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum optics, atomic physics, and statistical mechanics. Thematically organised chapters on different methodologies, contributed by key researchers using a unified notation, provide the first integrated view of the relative merits of individual approaches, aided by pertinent introductory chapters and the guidance of editorial notes. Both graduate students and established researchers wishing to understand the state of the art will greatly benefit from this comprehensive and up-to-date review of non-equilibrium and finite temperature techniques in the exciting and expanding field of quantum gases and liquids.
We present theoretical and experimental studies concerning the realization of a rubidium vapor cell frequency standard based on the pulsed optical pumping (POP) technique. This technique is extremely powerful since it avoids in principle the light shift effect and the noise conversions from the laser to the clock signal. The detection of the clock transition in the microwave domain (the so called POP maser) has been extensively investigated at INRIM and a frequency stability of 1.1 × 10-12τ-1/2 has been measured until integration times of 105 s, reaching the level of 5 × 10-15 (drift removed). The optical detection is still under evaluation but this technique may lead in effect to some advantages with respect to the microwave detection, such as a lower or negligible cavity pulling, a lower operation temperature (which implies a lower spin exchange contribution) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio. All these features may lead to a better frequency stability performance than that previously reached. Read More: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812838223_0040