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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A Viable Paradigm for Quantum Reality

Jagdish N. Srivastava

Published Oct 30, 2010• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Introduction Some Important Experiments Theories of Quantum Reality Further Discussion of the Theories Conclusion Index.

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Protective measurements illustrate how Yakir Aharonov's fundamental insights into quantum theory yield new experimental paradigms that allow us to test quantum mechanics in ways that were not possible before. As for quantum theory itself, protective measurements demonstrate that a quantum state describes a single system, not only an ensemble of systems, and reveal a rich ontology in the quantum state of a single system. We discuss in what sense protective measurements anticipate the theorem of Pusey, Barrett, and Rudolph (PBR), stating that, if quantum predictions are correct, then two distinct quantum states cannot represent the same physical reality. Introduction Although protective measurements [1, 2] are a new tool for quantum theory and experiment, they have yet to find their way into the laboratory; also theorists have not put them to best use, beyond a 1993 paper by Anandan on “Protective measurement and quantum reality” [3]. In Section 10.2, we point out that protective measurements offer new experimental tests of quantum mechanics, and we review recent experiments attempting to measure quantum wave functions. In Section 10.3, we present the Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem and discuss their conclusion that the quantum state represents physical reality, and in Section 10.4, we discuss in what sense protective measurements anticipate this conclusion. Protective measurement: implications for experiment and theory In 1926, Schrödinger postulated his equation for “material waves” in analogy with light waves: paths of material particles – which obey the principle of least action – are an approximation to material waves, just as rays of light – which obey the principle of least time – are an approximation to light waves [4]. But Born soon discarded “the physical pictures of Schr00F6;dinger” [5] and gave the “material wave” Ψ ( x , t ) a new interpretation: | Ψ ( x , t )| 2 is the probability density to find a particle at x at time t . Even Schrödinger was obliged to accept Born's interpretation.
Introduction: the study considers the problem of observer’s status during specific quantum-mechanical experiments, in which the empirical result directly depends on the participation of the experimenter's mind. Here the problem arises of the connection between the mind of the observer and the quantum-mechanical description of physical reality. The paper pays attention to modern trends in physics and philosophy devoted to the study of this phenomenon. Some aspects of the philosophical interpretation of the mind as a quantum mechanism are presented. Materials and Methods: the research materials demonstrate an overview of several common quantum-philosophical theories. Attempts have been made to search for the connection of quantum phenomena with the mechanisms of the functioning of human mind. The experimental background of quantum physics is demonstrated, providing material for analyzing the possibility of applying modern quantum theory to the question of identifying the relationship of the quantum approach and describing the problem of the influence of the observer’s mind on the result of a physical experiment. Results: the concept of quantum mechanics, taking into account the latest achievements and results of physics, philosophy and psychology, allows us to consider the mind of the observer as an integral part of the mechanism responsible for the formation of the surrounding physical reality. The anthropic principle of participation considered in the work gives the observer's mind a special role allowing to form a quantum-mechanical description of physical reality. Discussion and conclusions: it is shown that the mind of the observer plays an important role in quantum theory. Moreover, mind as a psychic phenomenon may be in fact identical with the quantum-mechanical concept of choosing an alternative. Given the fact that the brain's thought processes influence the measurement results, it can be assumed that mind changes quantum probabilities. This assumption allows us to take a different look at the concept of reality itself.
This article examines the empirical evidence for interference effects in psychological experiments. It also reviews the competing interpretation of these effects with respect to traditional cognitive models and new quantum cognition models. The conclusion is that quantum theory provides unifying principles for explaining interference effects found in a wide variety of different experimental paradigms, and it provides a viable new theoretical approach for understanding cognition and decision making.