Quantum information technologies QIT have two separate but entangled layers – material and ideological. Material layer embraces algorithms, physical devices and systems. Cognitive layer is related to the boundaries and structure of our knowledge, including the magic of nonlocal interactions and subtleties of contextuality. The paradox is that QIT should use quantum magic as a resource to turn into functional utility. The International Year of Quantum Science and Technology is celebrated in Europe, Poland and elsewhere. Opening conference at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris was attended by representatives of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and some quantum science groups. Several scientific conferences organized in Poland were announced to the IYQ25 calendar, including: May Symposia of Information and Quantum Horizons in Gdańsk, August Max Born Optical Symposium in Wrocław, September Congress of the Polish Physicists in Katowice. Quantum research projects are realized in Poland, QuantERA, tasks included in the European Quantum Flagship EQF, construction of quantum equipment by university consortia MIKOK, quantum networks and others.
The Summer School on Quantum Optics, the last of which was organized by J. Held, J. Czub and M. Gil of the Universi ty of Gdansk, at Cetniewo, Poland from 1-8 September 1981 has become a traditional event for young physicists from eastern and western European countries to discuss recent developments in their fields and to keep in contact.At Cetniewo, about 80 students and scientists from seven coun tries met at the well-appointed sports train ing centre on the Baltic sea.Three main subjects had been chosen and there were presented by lectures at sessions covering respectively experimental and theoretical aspects.(1) The quantum theory of electromagnetic fields and their interaction with atoms and molecules were highlighted in a series of lectures which included light-induced collisional energy transfer and changes in ato mic eigenstates by off-resonant monochro matic light.It was shown, that the emis sion spectrum of a resonant-excited two level system contains sidebands at the atomic Rabi-frequency of the laser field.Coherence and saturation phenomena in photoionisation and different aspects of optical bistability were also treated.(2) Recent experimental developments in quantum optics and atomic physics gave special emphasis to the spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms.New results of double resonance experiments on high levels in in dium served as an example to demonstrate the remarkably good agreement between theory and experiment.The use of ther mionic diodes in experiments on lithium have allowed the determination of ground state isotope shifts, which had not been detected in Rydberg D-states.The possibi lity of using sensitive Rydberg-spectroscopy for the detection of infrared photons was discussed.Another interesting subject was trapped-ion spectroscopy.Very high precision experiments in different laborato ries on hyperfine splittings have successful ly demonstrated ion cooling, which was discussed in detail at the school.This ses sion was completed by a lecture about X-ray polarisation in atomic collisions.(3) The third session covered reactive colli sions including the basis and recent results in chemiluminescence, chemical lasers, in vestigations of collisional energy transfer in vibrationally excited molecules, reactive formation of molecules in collisions and molecular beam scattering from solid sur faces.
C o m p o u n d s The Summer School on Quantum Optics, the last of which was organized by J. Held, J. Czub and M. Gil of the Universi ty of Gdansk, at Cetniewo, Poland from 1-8 September 1981 has become a traditional event for young physicists from eastern and western European countries to discuss recent developments in their fields and to keep in contact.At Cetniewo, about 80 students and scientists from seven coun tries met at the well-appointed sports train ing centre on the Baltic sea.Three main subjects had been chosen and there were presented by lectures at sessions covering respectively experimental and theoretical aspects.(1) The quantum theory of electromagnetic fields and their interaction with atoms and molecules were highlighted in a series of lectures which included light-induced collisional energy transfer and changes in ato mic eigenstates by off-resonant monochro matic light.It was shown, that the emis sion spectrum of a resonant-excited two level system contains sidebands at the atomic Rabi-frequency of the laser field.Coherence and saturation phenomena in photoionisation and different aspects of optical bistability were also treated.(2) Recent experimental developments in quantum optics and atomic physics gave special emphasis to the spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms.New results of double resonance experiments on high levels in in dium served as an example to demonstrate the remarkably good agreement between theory and experiment.The use of ther mionic diodes in experiments on lithium have allowed the determination of ground state isotope shifts, which had not been detected in Rydberg D-states.The possibi lity of using sensitive Rydberg-spectroscopy for the detection of infrared photons was discussed.Another interesting subject was trapped-ion spectroscopy.Very high precision experiments in different laborato ries on hyperfine splittings have successful ly demonstrated ion cooling, which was discussed in detail at the school.This ses sion was completed by a lecture about X-ray polarisation in atomic collisions.(3) The third session covered reactive colli sions including the basis and recent results in chemiluminescence, chemical lasers, in vestigations of collisional energy transfer in vibrationally excited molecules, reactive formation of molecules in collisions and molecular beam scattering from solid sur faces.