Objectives: This research is first of its kind to investigate the application of quantum mechanics and related mathematical models to cognitive science, specifically focusing on the challenge of modeling how the human mind assigns meaning to combinations of words. The primary objective is to classify whether given word combinations are compositional or non-compositional. Methods: The author introduces the "WWW method," which leverages the World Wide Web (WWW) as an experimental tool in place of human subjects, which makes this method cheaper and handy in comparison to the earlier methods which used human subjects for spoken and sign language studies and robots as non-human subjects. The "WWW method" involves checking the adherence to Bell inequalities and marginal selectivity. The term "meaning bound" is introduced to quantify the extent to which two words influence each other's meaning within a combination. This concept proves instrumental in devising a method for assessing compositionality using the WWW method. Findings: When the WWW serves as the information space, the verification of whether a word combination adheres to Bell inequalities entails determining if the meaning bound for the word combination (AB & C) exceeds that of its constituent parts (A & C, B & C) within the conceptual combination AB. Marginal selectivity is evaluated by establishing a vector model for grammatically framed word combinations, utilizing the WWW to collect data. If the word combination 'A then B' yields an equivalent number of hits as 'B then A,' it signifies that the word combination AB satisfies marginal selectivity. Novelty: Consequently, this research presents an accessible approach to identifying entangled pairs of word combinations using the WWW method, eliminating the need for human subject experiments. The earlier studies which include human subjects are costly and cannot be replicated anytime-anywhere, for obvious reasons. Keywords: Quantum cognition, Marginal selectivity, Compositionality, WWW method, CHSH inequality
All quantum are waves and particles have complementarity. According to the decoupling theory, what is the criterion is the interaction that causes decoherence. When it is in a state of coherence, it is in a state of superposition with the property of a wave, and when it interacts to cause a decoherence, it has a property of a particle. This is a thesis about the reason. In this paper, decoherence creates time, and this is explained by the discontinuity of space-time. Because in the microscopic world, according to quantum gravity, the variable time cannot be used, and it is argued that there is no time. On the other hand, the variable “time” is used for the physical quantity in the macro world. In other words, the macro world thinks that there is time and is a definite physical quantity. Then, what is the criterion for dividing the micro-world in which time does not exist and the macro-world in which time exists? In this paper, decoherence is considered as the criterion. In other words, in the state of coherence without interaction, time does not flow and has no meaning. Complementarity was explained by using this concept and the discontinuity of time claimed by quantum gravity The standard by which the micro world and the macro world are divided is Decoherence.
A comparative analysis of the process of measurement in classical and quantum physics is given. It necessitates the expedience of the reexamination of the role of the researcher and his consciousness in the process of the interaction of the subject with the material world around him. A survey of the philosophical aspects that pertain to the problem of measurement in quantum physics leads to the conclusion that the scholar is not an independent observer of the material world beyond him, he rather becomes a part of this world to an extent that he brings pressure to bear on the properties of the observed objects. In other words, man becomes an integral part of the universe hence the classical assumption about the existence of the objective reality that is beyond the consciousness of man ceases to be relevant. That is why the philosophical treatment of the problems of quantum theory appears to be much closer to the philosophical principles of the East than to the more common here Western philosophy. Key words : quantum world, measurement, subject, object, Hinduism, Buddhism, Daoism.