Clocks are systems for measuring frequency, velocity, duration and numerical order ntttt.......,, 210 of physical events. Time t obtained with clocks is not a forth dimension 4X of space, time t is only a component of tciX ∗∗=4. This view of clock/time as a measuring system sees physical phenomena running exclusively in space and not in time. This view is supported with several experiments which confirm that time t of physical event can be zero. Time is not part of space; time is run of clocks in space. Past, present and future exist as a psychological time in the mind only not in the universe. We experience motion i.e. change in the space through the frame of psychological time. We “project ” linear psychological time “past-present-future ” into the space, however it is not there. Observer who distinguishes between space-time, physical time and psychological time is aware that in quantum measurement he only measures physical events in space and not in time. Clock/time is merely a measuring device. With this understanding observer’s observation, measurement and experience of quantum phenomena are closer to their real nature. Stream of numerical order of quantum phenomena ntttt.......,, 210 runs in space only and not in time. Stream of quantum phenomena has no duration on its own. Duration is result of measurement.
Most physicists today still conceptualize time as a part of the physical space in which material objects move, although time has never been observed and measured as a part of the space. The concept of time here presented is that time measured with clocks is merely the numerical order of material change, i.e. motion in a three-dimensional space. In special relativity the Minkowskian four-dimensional space-time can be replaced with a three-dimensional space where time does not represent a fourth coordinate of space but must be considered merely as a mathematical quantity measuring the numerical order of material changes. By quantum entanglement the three-dimensional space is a medium of a direct information transfer between quantum particles. Numerical order of non-local correlations between subatomic particles in EPR-type experiments and other immediate quantum processes is zero in the sense that the three-dimensional space acts as an immediate information medium between them.
The treatment of time in relativity does not conform to that in quantum theory. In the context of quantum gravity this is called "the problem of time". A crucial difference is that time
t may be seen as an observable in relativity theory, just like position
x, whereas in quantum theory
t is a parameter, in contrast to the observable
x. Aiming to resolve the discrepancy, a formalization of time in the spirit of Kant's Copernican revolution is suggested, where it is required that the treatment of time in physics agree with our cognition. This leads to reconsideration of the notions of identity and change of objects, as well as the nature of physical states and their evolution. The formalization has two components: sequential time
n and relational time
t. The evolution of physical states is described in terms of
n, which is updated each time an event occurs. The role of
t is to quantify distances between events in space-time. There is a space-time associated with each
n, in which
t represents the knowledge at time
n about temporal distances between present and past events. A universal ordering of events in terms of
n can be postulated even though distances
t are relativistic. In short, it is argued that time as a sequential flow of events should be separated from time as a measure of distance between events. In physical models, these aspects of time can be expressed as one evolution parameter and one observable, respectively.
In nonlocal space there is no time and no space in a physical sense, which means that events that are separate in real time and real space remain simultaneous in the nonlocal space of the particles related to the event. In other words, the context of an event or effect in real spacetime has a simultaneous effect retained in nonlocal space, which infers that an instrument taken to measure a quantum event becomes part of the context of that event. Less obvious is the role the dispassionate observer plays in that context driven measurement. What we need to recognize is that the mind is not what takes the measurement; the mind is our awareness of the measurement while the role is played by the dispassionate observer in everyday conscious and unconscious events such as thinking and decision making.
This paper introduces the concept of time as a count of a count of changes or events that set up a local "clock" in each system. Time does not exist without changes in the system and every system runs its own local time. In interaction, systems generate a sequence of interaction events that are being added to the internal pool of events in each system. Any observation is made with the local time of the observer system and changes the observer's local time by adding observation events to the observer's time count. Local time in any "nite and closed system is "nite and obeys the saturation principle due to limitations of the event counting capacity of the system. Traditional continuous time is just a convenient approximation for the enormous number of events occurring in our world that set up our local "clock". !e event-based approach does not conflict with modern physics but proposes a new view of the fundamental notion of time and brings us one step closer to understanding the world in which we live. The greatest mystery of the notion of time is that there is no time at all.
We argue that (1) our perception of time through change and (2) the gap between reality and our observation of it are at the heart of both quantum mechanics and the dynamical mechanism of physical systems. We suggest that the origin of quantum uncertainty lies with the absence of infinities or infinitesimals in observational data and that our concept of time derives from observing changing data (events). We argue that the fundamentally important content of the Superposition Principle is not the "probability amplitude" of posterior state observation but future state availability conditional only on prior information. Since event detection also implies posterior conditions (e.g. a specific type of detectable event occurred) as well as prior conditions, the probabilities of detected outcomes are also conditional on properties of the posterior properties of the observation. Such posterior conditions cannot affect the prior state availabilities and this implies violation of counter-factual definiteness. A component of a quantum system may be chosen to represent a clock and changes in other components can then be expected to be correlated with clocks with which they are entangled. Instead of traditional time-dependent equations of motion we provide a specific mechanism whereby evolution of data is instead quasi-causally related to the relative \availability\ of states and equations of motion are expressed in terms of quantized clock variables. We also suggest that time-reversal symmetry-breaking in weak interactions is an artifice of a conventional choice of co-ordinate time-function. Analysis of a "free" particle suggests that conventional co-ordinate space-time emerges from how we measure the separation of objects and events.