We study the three-dimensional Edwards-Anderson model with binary interactions by Monte Carlo simulations. Direct evidence of finite-size scaling is provided, and the universal finite-size scaling functions are determined. Monte Carlo data are extrapolated to infinite volume with an iterative procedure for correlation lengths up to $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\approx}140$. The infinite-volume data are consistent with a conventional power-law singularity at finite temperature
Tc. Taking into account corrections to scaling, we find ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.156\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015$, $\ensuremath{\nu}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2$, and $\ensuremath{\eta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{-}0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$. The data are also consistent with an exponential singularity at finite
Tc, but not with an exponential singularity at zero temperature.
We present a method which allows calculation of whole universal finite-size-scaling functions from Monte Carlo data. The crux of the new method is a technique of isolating the singular part from the total free energy. We apply this method to the 3-state Potts model on a square lattice and find the normalized scaling function Y(x) in the form 1+x+5.31
x2-1.2
x3-0.67
x4 . . . near the bulk critical point x=0, together with the normalizing universal amplitude E=1.053 and a nonuniversal metric factor D=-0.387. It also behaves as Y(x)\ensuremath{\approxeq}(\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}x${)}^{\mathit{d}\ensuremath{\nu}}$${\mathit{Q}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ for large x in agreement with the hyperuniversality hypothesis with
Q+/${\mathit{Q}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}1.
It is shown by the Monte Carlo method that finite-size scaling (FSS) holds in the two-dimensional randomly coupled Ising ferromagnet. It is also demonstrated that the form of the universal FSS function constructed via a FSS scheme depends on the strength of the random coupling in the case of strongly disordered systems. Monte Carlo measurements of thermodynamic (infinite-volume-limit) data of the correlation length $(\ensuremath{\xi})$ up to $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\simeq}200$ along with measurements of the fourth-order cumulant ratio (Binder cumulant ratio) at criticality are analyzed in light of two competing scenarios of weak universality and the multiplicative logarithmic correction. It is demonstrated that the data are likely to be more consistent with the former scenario than the latter which is the conventional scenario.