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Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Physics

Transfer of the State of a Broadband Single-Photon Packet in a Nonresonant Interaction with Isolated Systems of Different Physical Nature: General Approach

Ashat M. Basharov, Andrew I. Trubilko

Published Dec 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Under the conditions of the Markov approximation, a master kinetic equation is derived that describes the transfer of the state of a single-photon packet to the state of a solitary object, depending on the nature of the latter. A single-photon excitation is a broadband packet with a Gaussian frequency distribution (an information signal) that interacts nonresonantly with a selected high-Q cavity mode (an intermediary). The latter also interacts nonresonantly with an absorber whose natural frequency is resonant to the central frequency of the packet.

DOI
10.1134/s1062873825713510

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Abstract Under the conditions of the Markov approximation, a master kinetic equation is derived that describes the transfer of the state of a single-photon packet to the state of a solitary object, depending on the nature of the latter. A single-photon excitation is a broadband packet with a Gaussian frequency distribution (an information signal) that interacts nonresonantly with a selected high-Q cavity mode (an intermediary). The latter also interacts nonresonantly with an absorber whose natural frequency is resonant to the central frequency of the packet.
Under the conditions of the Markov approximation, a master equation is derived that describes the transfer of the state of a single- photon broadband packet to the state of a solitary object, depending on the nature of the latter. A single- photon excitation is a broadband packet with a Gaussian frequency distribution (an information signal) that interacts non- resonantly with a selected high- quality resonator mode (an intermediary). The latter also interacts non- resonantly (in the dispersion limit) with a working cell whose natural frequency is resonant with the central frequency of the packet. The derivation is based on quantum stochastic differential equations, which naturally follow from the construction of an effective interaction Hamiltonian based on the algebraic theory of resonance interactions.
Abstract The derived master kinetic equation is used to determine the features of the nature of an isolated object, an absorber, on which the state of a broadband single-photon excitation is transferred. In the role of the absorber, a quantum oscillator or a two-level atom is considered. It is shown that, in the case of a nonresonant interaction between the packet and an intermediary, and between the intermediary and the absorber, the transfer of the state of a single-photon packet is possible if the absorber is a quantum oscillator. In the case where the transfer is to a two-level atom, the excitation transfer is only partial.
Rapid advances in quantum technology have made possible the control of quantum states of elementary material quantum systems, such as atoms or molecules, and of the electromagnetic radiation field resulting from spontaneous photon emission of their unstable excited states to such a level of precision that subtle quantum electrodynamical phenomena have become observable experimentally. Recent developments in the area of quantum information processing demonstrate that characteristic quantum electrodynamical effects can even be exploited for practical purposes provided the relevant electromagnetic field modes are controlled by appropriate cavities. A central problem in this context is the realization of an ideal transfer of quantum information between a state of a material quantum system and a quantum state of the electromagnetic radiation field which contains a small number or even a single photon only. Despite much recent work in cavity quantum electrodynamics, which has explored this problem successfully in cases in which the number of accessible electromagnetic field modes is strongly restricted by a cavity, currently still much less is known about ideal quantum state transfer between matter and few-photon quantum states of the electromagnetic field in the extreme opposite case of free space. In this contribution we review recent work which explores characteristic quantum electrodynamical phenomena governing the interaction of a material quantum system with the electromagnetic field in extreme many-mode cases which are close to cavity-free situations. For this purpose the simplest possible quantum electrodynamical situation, namely the interaction of a single material two-level system with the wave packet of a single optical photon, is investigated in free space and in situations in which a large cavity modifies the mode structure of the electromagnetic field modes. It is demonstrated that perfect excitation of an atom by a properly shaped single-photon wave packet is possible even in free space. In particular, it is demonstrated that perfect excitation of an atom can be achieved by a single optical photon which is prepared initially in an appropriate superposition of plane-wave modes, provided this photon is focused subsequently onto the absorbing atom by a parabolic cavity.
Abstract The temporal dynamics of absorption of a single-photon pulse by two qubits interacting with a microwave field of a one-dimensional waveguide have been studied. The theory, which allows one to use arbitrary shapes of the input single-photon wave packet as an initial condition, as well as investigate the excitation dynamics of each qubit, has been developed. The numerical calculation is performed for the packet of a Gaussian shape, at different parameters of frequency detuning and duration of the input pulse. The excitation dynamics of both identical and nonidentical qubits have been studied. It has been specifically shown that it is possible to form symmetric and antisymmetric entangled states for identical qubits.