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Acta Physica Sinica

Tunable spectral dual-parameter multiplexed quantum weak measurement

Ao Wang, Min Zhang, Gao Shuqi, Qingchen Liu, Li He, Xiaomin Guo, Yanqiang Guo, Liantuan Xiao

Published Dec 3, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

量子弱测量基于弱值放大与后选择效应，在微小物理量表征和高灵敏传感计等方面具有重要作用，但目前受限于单重弱相互作用与单一测量通道，存在测量精度不足和多参数并行化受限的问题．本文从理论和实验上研究了基于可调谐光谱和迭代弱相互作用的双参量量子弱测量，实现了M参量和I参量的高精度相位差测量．理论分析表明，通过调控光谱宽度和多重弱相互作用可增强弱值放大效应；在满足弱测量条件$k / 2 \ll \rho \ll 1$时，N重迭代弱相互作用使动量M和强度I参量的测量精度较单重弱相互作用提升N倍．实验采用三重弱相互作用：当光谱谱宽为750 GHz时，动量M参量实现了4.06× 10-8 rad的相位差测量精度，测量精度提升至原来的2.78倍；当谱宽降至500 kHz时，I参量实现5.99× 10-7rad测量精度，测量精度提升了2.97倍，并保持了17.4 dB的信噪比；双参量测量精度的提升均与理论3倍符合良好．当谱宽为125 GHz时，M和I参量均实现了10-6-10-7rad量级测量，测量精度较传统单重弱测量提升约3倍．该方案利用双参量在百kHz至亚太赫兹(sub-terahertz)可调光谱范围内实现了高精度且高信噪比相位差测量，光子利用率较传统单重弱测量提升3倍，为相位非经典精密传感提供了兼具多参量并行和宽光谱适配性的可行方案．

DOI
10.7498/aps.75.20251404

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The Terahertz (THz) frequency domain is attractive for numerous applications including phonon spectroscopy, radio-astronomy, imaging, sensing and communication. Nevertheless the development of a compact, tunable, electrically driven room-temperature source operating in the THz band frequency [1-5 THz] remains a challenge. An alternative to low-temperature-cooled Quantum Cascade Lasers is the widely investigated photomixing technique which relies on semiconductor antenna fed by two laser fields beating at the targeted THz frequency. When a highly coherent CW emission is mandatory, a single laser cavity sustaining the oscillation of the two required laser fields is a very attractive approach. Indeed, the phase noises of the two optical fields being inherently correlated, the beatnote exhibits a high spectral purity. Following this paradigm, dual-frequency Quantum Wells (QWs) based Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) architectures have been successfully demonstrated [1][2][3]. Nevertheless, because of the inherent homogeneously broadened gain of QWs, the two laser modes suffer from strong coupling making it necessary to lift the spatial degeneracy inside the active medium. Moreover, the frequency detuning remains lower than in Quantum Dots (QDs). Accordingly, we have been exploring over the past years the benefits of using wider and potentially less homogeneously broadened gain medium such as Quantum Dots. To this aim, InAs QDs are grown on InP (311B) substrate, and characterized by photoluminescence and atomic force microscopy. The density (from 10^10 to 10^11 cm-2) and the size of QDs are carefully engineered while keeping a 1550 nm emission wavelength. To evaluate the potential of QDs for dual frequency oscillation, a critical parameter is the homogeneous linewidth. It is measured through Spectral Hole Burning (SHB) experiments using two tunable and continuous-wave lasers. In order to be as close as possible to the laser operation conditions, the SHB experiments are performed at high temperature levels and high carrier densities. In this talk, we will present our preliminary results from Spectral Hole Burning experiments conducted on both InAs/InP QDs and conventional InGaAs/InP QWs. The dedicated homemade measurement apparatus will be presented as well. This work is supported by the IDYLIC ANR project (ANR-15-CE24-0034-01).
光谱测量与成像技术的进步，已成为生命科学与材料科学研究中的关键表征手段。然而，在针对光学响应微弱的样品（如低维材料、活体细胞等）进行实际观测时，高功率激发光往往引入显著经典噪声，并造成不可忽视的光致损伤，从而限制了光学测量的信噪比与应用范围。在此背景下，具备特殊量子统计特性的非经典光源（如纠缠光与压缩光）为实现超越经典极限的信噪比提升提供了极具潜力的解决方案。本文聚焦于量子增强光谱与成像领域，系统梳理了基于纠缠光与压缩光两类重要量子光源的最新研究进展。纠缠光凭借光子间的量子关联特性，在关联成像、非探测光子成像及超快干涉测量等应用中展现出卓越的抗噪声能力；而压缩光则通过压缩光场噪声，在位移传感、等离激元探测及非线性显微成像等方面显著提升了探测灵敏度与信噪比。本文进一步系统阐述了量子光源在提高信噪比、降低光致损伤、提升时间分辨率以及增强非线性转换效率等方面的独特优势，并分析了当前制约量子成像技术实用化的关键挑战，包括光源亮度低，系统损耗大等问题。最后，对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。
Spatial multiplexing is not always feasible in terahertz and sub-terahertz (THz) MIMO channels due to the primarily line-of-sight propagation, but recent works have explored the possibility of using orbital angular momentum (OAM) to enable multiplexing in line-of-sight scenarios. This paper explores a certain physical-layer security risk and a corresponding mitigation strategy for THz MIMO systems using orbital angular momentum (OAM). A novel successive interference cancellation eavesdropping attack is introduced for OAM-MIMO THz systems, and simulations demonstrate that the security of the link decreases in the far field. A security countermeasure is introduced and proven to be effective in physically protecting the communications link.
量测量是在量控制理论和实验的一个基本问题。它能获得量系统的未知信息，并且能也不可避免地改变系统的状态。结果和背行动能被用来控制量系统。这篇论文由信号的非选择的量测量和汽车的背景的背行动在有限维的量系统关于州的转变的最佳的控制论述最近的研究进步(协调的反 -- 司烧拉曼光谱学) 由阶段塑造技术。在有限维的量系统的测量顺序控制，为内在的州的转变目的批评的点的必要条件被发现作为平等的链是一种高度对称的形式，并且在几种情况中的分析、数字的答案被探索。在汽车控制，仅仅当保留时，在特定的频率的最大的反响的信号和最小的背景能被塑造探查脉搏完成，这被发现仅仅当保留时泵并且司烧在变换的脉搏限制了形式(TLF ) 。arctan 类型阶段功能被获得让探查脉搏同时提高反响的信号并且压制背景。为宽带背景消除，当保留泵时，我们发现塑造探查脉搏的计划的最佳的阶段是 quasi-time-delay 并且司烧在 TLF 的脉搏。这些结论能帮助设计量设备的控制策略。
Weak measurement enables faithful amplification and high-precision measurement of small physical parameters and is under intensive investigation as an effective tool in metrology and for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics. Here we demonstrate weak-value amplification using the asymmetric spectral response of Fano resonance as the pointer arising naturally in precisely designed metamaterials, namely, waveguided plasmonic crystals. The weak coupling between the polarization degree of freedom and the spectral response of Fano resonance arises due to a tiny shift in the asymmetric spectral response between two orthogonal linear polarizations. By choosing the preselected and postselected polarization states to be nearly mutually orthogonal, we observe both real and imaginary weak-value amplifications manifested as a spectacular shift of the Fano-resonance peak and narrowing (or broadening) of the resonance linewidth, respectively. The remarkable control and tunability of Fano resonance in a single device enabled by weak-value amplification may enhance active Fano-resonance--based applications in the nano-optical domain. In general, weak measurements using Fano-type spectral response broadens the domain of applicability of weak measurements using natural spectral line shapes as a pointer in a wide range of physical systems.