With the development of quantum computing and quantum information science, quantum games are emerging as a novel educational tool that helps students intuitively understand complex quantum concepts. This paper explores the application of quantum games in quantum education, with a focus on analyzing the rules, teaching design, and their impact on students' cognitive development in “Quantum Chess”. Quantum Chess integrates core concepts such as quantum superposition, entanglement, and measurement, allowing students to experience the unique phenomena of quantum physics during the game. In the future, further optimization of the integration of quantum games and education will be necessary to meet diverse learning needs and promote the broader application of quantum computing technology in the field of education.
With the development of quantum computing and quantum information science, quantum games are emerging as a novel educational tool that helps students intuitively understand complex quantum concepts. This paper explores the application of quantum games in quantum education, with a focus on analyzing the rules, teaching design, and their impact on students' cognitive development in “Quantum Chess”. Quantum Chess integrates core concepts such as quantum superposition, entanglement, and measurement, allowing students to experience the unique phenomena of quantum physics during the game. In the future, further optimization of the integration of quantum games and education will be necessary to meet diverse learning needs and promote the broader application of quantum computing technology in the field of education.
Education is vital to perpetuating knowledge, assisting in the discovery of innovations that will result in new technologies. As these technologies become more prevalent, so has, and will, the presence of games with the purpose of teaching important concepts, such as STEM, or even technologically, focused ones. In this paper,Q′Game, a game developed to teach quantum computing basics, encourages learning in a fun and engaging way. Through the introduction of qubits and superposition, as well as the basic essential quantum gates,Q′Game covers the fundamentals of quantum computing. From this base knowledge, players can explore more complex concepts in the field. Furthermore, this paper describes howQ′Game can be used as a unique learning tool and experience to create interest in the young generation towards quantum computing.
In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the principles of quantum physics or references quantum phenomena or the theory of quantum physics through any of three proposed dimensions: the perceivable dimension of quantum physics, the dimension of quantum technologies, and the dimension of scientific purposes, such as citizen science or education. We also discuss the concept of quantum computer games, which are games on quantum computers, as well as definitions for the concept of science games. Various games explore quantum physics and quantum computing through digital, analogue, and hybrid means, with various incentives driving their development. As interest in games as educational tools for supporting quantum literacy grows, understanding the diverse landscape of quantum games becomes increasingly important. We propose that the three dimensions of quantum games identified in this article be used for designing, analysing, and defining the phenomenon of quantum games.
Quantum phenomena have remained largely inaccessible to the general public. This can be attributed to the fact that we do not experience quantum mechanics on a tangible level in our daily lives. Games can provide an environment in which people can experience the strange behavior of the quantum world in a fun and mentally engaging way. Games could also offer an interesting test bed for near term quantum devices because they can be tailored to support varying amounts of quantum behavior through simple rule changes, which can be useful when dealing with limited resources. This paper explores the design of a variant of Chess which is built on top of unitary dynamics and includes non-trivial quantum effects such as superposition, entanglement, and interference. A movement ruleset is introduced which allows players to create superposition, entanglement, and interference effects. A measurement rule is also introduced which helps limit the size of the superposition, so the game remains tractable for a classical computer, and also helps make the game more comprehensible for a player.
In this paper we introduce the new version of QTris, a board game designed to teach and learn Quantum Mechanics within the framework of Quantum Information and Computation. The key idea behind the game is that every game sequence simulates a process on a system of qubits. Thus, QTris can be effectively integrated as a pedagogical tool to teach Quantum Mechanics at high-school level following a two-state approach. After arguing in support of this latter approach, we describe QTris' basic rules and some of its possible extensions, emphasizing how the game mechanics puts in clear light key quantum concepts such as incompatibility, probabilistic measurement and unitary transformation. Moreover, we report on the results of a QTris-based educational activity which involved about 150 high-school students and provided encouraging preliminary indications that QTris can be a useful pedagogical platform to promote an immediate understanding of some key concepts of Quantum Mechanics.
Abstract Teaching and learning quantum mechanics is one of the most demanding educational and conceptual challenges, in particular in secondary schools where students do not possess an adequate mathematical background to effectively support the description of quantum behaviour. Educational research shows that traditional approaches, generally based on historical and narrative perspectives, are only partially effective. The reason is that they do not address in depth those basic quantum concepts that radically question the fundamentals of classical physics. A research-based educational program has been proposed to two final-year classes of an Italian scientific high school. In order to build the main concepts of quantum mechanics and their formal basic representation via real and simulated experiments, the program uses the light polarization as a context. A quantum game was then integrated in the educational program, to support students’ learning. Their conceptual paths, monitored by means of tutorials and questionnaires, show significant student learning especially on the concept of state and on appropriating the formalism meaning, whereas students more frequently referred to the geometrical vector representation instead of the algebraic-analytic formula. The quantum game has emerged to support intuition and operative experience in distinguishing the foundational concepts of superposition and entanglement.
A revolutionary technology impacting the field of science, engineering, and education is Quantum computing. Quantum Computing in education is a discipline regarding its application to teaching and learning. The focus of the paper is a bibliometric analysis of academic literature on quantum computing in education to identify the intellectual structure thereof, patterns of growth, and future research perspectives. It is based on the Scopus database as a primary source of data. It covers 104 relevant publications published during 2011-2025. They were sorted and analyzed with the help of Bibliometrix package and its Biblioshiny interface in R to show the annual trends of publications. The findings indicate that quantum computing education is becoming of academic interest, and the number of research materials is growing rapidly since 2020. The highly interdisciplinary nature, with engineering, computer science, physics, and social sciences, respectively, playing the dominant role. There is a transition towards more basic quantum concepts into applied educational concepts, such as curriculum development, engineering education, teaching practices, and student learning. The paper has an important implication for researchers, teachers, and policy formulators. It also outlines the direction of future research that can be used to advance the sustainable development of quantum computing education.