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Infinite Dimensional Analysis Quantum Probability and Related Topics

Gaussian quantum Markov semigroups of weak coupling limit type

Jorge R. Bolaños-Servín, Franco Fagnola, Roberto B. Quezada

Published Dec 3, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Generators of Gaussian QMS have a GKLS form with noise operators that are linear in creation and annihilation operators, and Hamiltonian which is quadratic. We characterize Gaussian QMS arising in the Weak Coupling Limit (WCL) of a system interacting with some reservoirs. It turns out that their generators, under some natural assumptions, have a GKLS representation with noise operators that are either annihilation or creation operators and Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] which is diagonalizable as a quadratic operator.

DOI
10.1142/s0219025725500122

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Generators of Gaussian QMS have a GKLS form with noise operators that are linear in creation and annihilation operators, and Hamiltonian which is quadratic. We characterize Gaussian QMS arising in the Weak Coupling Limit (WCL) of a system interacting with some reservoirs. It turns out that their generators, under some natural assumptions, have a GKLS representation with noise operators that are either annihilation or creation operators and Hamiltonian [Formula: see text] which is diagonalizable as a quadratic operator.
The generator of a Gaussian quantum Markov semigroup on the algebra of bounded operator on a [Formula: see text]-mode Fock space is represented in a generalized GKLS form with an operator [Formula: see text] quadratic in creation and annihilation operators and Kraus operators [Formula: see text] linear in creation and annihilation operators. Kraus operators, commutators [Formula: see text] and iterated commutators [Formula: see text] up to the order [Formula: see text], as linear combinations of creation and annihilation operators determine a vector in [Formula: see text]. We show that a Gaussian quantum Markov semigroup is irreducible if such vectors generate [Formula: see text], under the technical condition that the domains of [Formula: see text] and the number operator coincide. Conversely, we show that this condition is also necessary if the linear space generated by Kraus operators and their iterated commutator with [Formula: see text] is fully non-commutative.
We investigate the structure of quantum Markov generators that describe the reduced dynamics of a test particle interacting with a dilute Bose gas in the low density limit. These generators, called low density limit type generators (LDL), differ from the weak coupling limit type generators (WCL) studied in [4, 5] because of the presence of the T-operator that describes the change in momentum of the gas particle due to collisions with the test particle. We propose a general definition of Markov generator of stochastic limit type that includes (almost) all generators arising in the stochastic limit approach and we prove that the associated semigroups as well as their invariant states (or weights) have a very special structure which extends the explicit representation for the generic quantum Markov semigroups of weak coupling limit type, due to Accardi, Hachicha and Ouerdiane [7]. We also investigate the structure of invariant states and give conditions on the T - operator for the existence of a unique invariant state and of equilibrium states.
We investigate symmetric Gaussian Quantum Markov Semigroups (G-QMSs), a class of quantum dynamical semigroups acting on the algebra of bounded operators over a bosonic Fock space, whose generators are given in generalized GKLS form with linear and quadratic terms in canonical operators. Our main goal is to characterize the symmetry of such semigroups with respect to a faithful invariant Gaussian state, in terms of explicit algebraic conditions on the generator’s parameters. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for GNS-symmetry using the action of the semigroup on Weyl operators, and show that under natural assumptions, every symmetric G-QMS is unitarily equivalent to a direct sum of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck-type semigroups. The results are further linked to modular theory by confirming the well-known fact that GNS-symmetry implies commutation with the modular automorphism group. Technical appendices discuss the role of Bogoliubov and metaplectic transformations in simplifying the structure of symmetric semigroups.
We broaden the study of circulant Quantum Markov Semigroups (QMS). First, we introduce the notions of [Formula: see text]-circulant GKSL generator and [Formula: see text]-circulant QMS from the circulant case, corresponding to [Formula: see text], to an arbitrary finite group [Formula: see text]. Second, we show that each [Formula: see text]-circulant GKSL generator has a block-diagonal representation [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-circulant matrix determined by some [Formula: see text]. Denoting by [Formula: see text] the subgroup of [Formula: see text] generated by the support of [Formula: see text], we prove that [Formula: see text] has its own block-diagonal matrix representation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is an irreducible [Formula: see text]-circulant matrix and [Formula: see text] is the index of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]. Finally, we exploit such block representations to characterize the structure, steady states, and asymptotic evolution of [Formula: see text]-circulant QMSs.