Quantum computing is advancing rapidly and thus is a major challenge to traditional schemes of cryptographies like RSA, and ECC that get their security on computational difficulty. In order to counter this challenge, a paradigm change to be proposed is quantum cryptography which is based on the application of the rules of quantum mechanics to a conditional security. In the paper, a design and implementation of an interactive simulation platform, which models two seminal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, namely, BB84 and E91, is proposed. Formulated with a modular architecture in Streamlit, the system allows users to simulate the transmission into qubit, visualize key pre-processing, study the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and detect any eavesdropping through CHSH inequality. The platform will be used to include functionality of real-time graphical dashboards, user authentication, and a comparative analysis segment to systematically review classical and quantum-related cryptographic methods. The effects of noise levels, adversarial interference on the QBER and key generation rates are verified, and this serves to confirm the resilience of quantum systems against eavesdropping. The tool can be used as an educational and a research tool since it offers an intuitive interface to learn the quantum concepts related to superposition or entanglement and simultaneously takes the user through the protocol functionality in different security regimes. The findings attest to the increased security capabilities of quantum cryptographic systems, thus making them a valid option in the future communication network during the post-quantum era.
Quantum computing is advancing rapidly and thus is a major challenge to traditional schemes of cryptographies like RSA, and ECC that get their security on computational difficulty. In order to counter this challenge, a paradigm change to be proposed is quantum cryptography which is based on the application of the rules of quantum mechanics to a conditional security. In the paper, a design and implementation of an interactive simulation platform, which models two seminal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, namely, BB84 and E91, is proposed. Formulated with a modular architecture in Streamlit, the system allows users to simulate the transmission into qubit, visualize key pre-processing, study the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and detect any eavesdropping through CHSH inequality. The platform will be used to include functionality of real-time graphical dashboards, user authentication, and a comparative analysis segment to systematically review classical and quantum-related cryptographic methods. The effects of noise levels, adversarial interference on the QBER and key generation rates are verified, and this serves to confirm the resilience of quantum systems against eavesdropping. The tool can be used as an educational and a research tool since it offers an intuitive interface to learn the quantum concepts related to superposition or entanglement and simultaneously takes the user through the protocol functionality in different security regimes. The findings attest to the increased security capabilities of quantum cryptographic systems, thus making them a valid option in the future communication network during the post-quantum era.
The fast development of quantum computing is a serious threat on the traditional cryptographic algorithms like RSA and ECC, the security of which depends on their computational hardness. In order to overcome this new weakness quantum cryptography proposes a radically new security paradigm based on the laws of quantum mechanics. The given paper provides the design and implementation of a platform of an interactive simulation modeling two basic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols: BB84 and E91. The platform has been created as a series of modules in Streamlit to allow users to simulate the transmission of a key using qubits, visualize key-processing interactions after transmission, trace Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), and identify possible eavesdropping by assessing CHSH inequality after transmission. The system is also enhanced with other features like real time graphics dash boards, user authentication and a comparative module to analyse the classical and quantum cryptographic methodologies. An experimental simulation of the influence of channel noise and adversarial interference on QBER and the efficiency of key generation proves the resilience of quantum protocols in the face of eavesdropping attack. The platform is an educational and research resource, allowing users to learn about the concept of quantum physics, including superposition and entanglement, as well as visualize the process of secure key exchange, because of its intuitive interface and elaborate visualizations. The findings indicate that quantum cryptography has greater security potential, which supports the applicability of quantum cryptography in the post-quantum era in ensuring the security of communication.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to classical cryptographic systems that form the backbone of modern digital security.Algorithms such as RSA and ECC, which rely on the computational difficulty of integer factorization and discrete logarithm problems, become vulnerable to quantum attacks, particularly Shor's algorithm.This project presents a comprehensive Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Simulator that implements the BB84 and E91 protocols using IBM's Qiskit quantum computing framework, providing an interactive platform for understanding, simulating, and analyzing quantum-safe key exchange mechanisms.The simulator features a full-stack architecture with a FastAPI backend powered by Python and Qiskit for quantum circuit execution, and a React 19 frontend with TypeScript for interactive visualization.The BB84 protocol implementation supports configurable qubit counts, multiple measurement bases (Z, X, and Diagonal), Eve's intercept-resend attack simulation with adjustable interception rates, and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) calculation with a security threshold of 8.5%.The E91 protocol implementation uses entangled Bell state pairs with configurable measurement angles, CHSH inequality violation testing for quantum security verification, and reverse gate anti-eavesdropping mechanisms.Additionally, the system includes an AES encryption module that uses quantum-generated keys from BB84 and E91 simulations to perform AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256 encryption, with privacy amplification for keys shorter than the required length.A simulation history system with SQLite and PostgreSQL support enables experiment tracking, comparison, and analysis.The project demonstrates the practical application of quantum mechanics principles to cryptographic security and serves as an educational tool for understanding the transition from classical to quantum-safe cryptography.
By utilizing concepts from quantum physics like entanglement and superposition, quantum cryptography is revolutionizing data security. This study focuses on the application of classical computational models for simulation-based analysis of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, namely BB84 and E91. By taking use of quantum features, QKD makes secure key exchange possible and guarantees that any effort at eavesdropping may be identified because of the disruption of quantum states. In order to assess how quantum communication channels behave under different noise and attack scenarios, the study models and simulates these channels. The study evaluates the efficacy and robustness of BB84 and E91 protocols in practical network settings by contrasting their performance and error tolerance. In order to determine if integrating quantum-secured systems with current classical infrastructures is feasible, scalability issues are also investigated. These simulations’ outcomes shed light on feasible security levels, resource needs, and workable deployment tactics. In the end, this research highlights how quantum cryptography may advance the basis for next-generation secure information networks by bridging the gap between theoretical quantum security models and real-world communication systems with the use of strong simulation frameworks.
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a serious threat to traditional cryptographic systems such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which rely on computational difficulty for security. Quantum algorithms like Shor’s and Grover’s have the potential to break or weaken these methods, putting modern communication systems at risk. To address this challenge, this work presents a quantum-safe com-munication framework that combines the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol with Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) techniques, aiming to ensure secure data exchange in the presence of quantum-capable adversaries. In this system, the BB84 protocol is simulated to enable secure key exchange between two parties over a virtual quantum channel. The generated key is refined through processes such as basis matching, error correction, and privacy amplification using SHA-256 to ensure reliability and secrecy. For secur-ing communication, One-Time Pad (OTP) encryption is used alongside HMAC-SHA3-256 to provide both confidentiality and message integrity. Additionally, file encryption is handled using the XChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm, selected for its efficiency and strong protection against potential vulnerabilities like nonce reuse. To further enhance security, the framework integrates a hybrid key management approach using the Kyber-512 Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) combined with a Key Deriva-tion Function (KDF), merging classical and quantum-resistant techniques. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, achieving a Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) of 2.5% and successful performance in both message and file en-cryption. Overall, this work contributes toward the development of practical and resilient communication systems designed for the emerging quantum era.
Cryptography is crucial to protect sensitive data. Traditional cryptography relies on mathematical difficulty to secure valuable data against intruders. However, with the rise of quantum computers, these assumptions are threatened as quantum computers can process information much faster. The security models need to be upgraded to withstand quantum computers. RSA and ECC, two common asymmetric cryptosystems, have been upgraded using post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Another solution might be to leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication. The most common application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which solves the key exchange problem using quantum physics, complementing conventional cryptographic techniques by enabling secure key generation, while classical methods remain necessary for authentication and protocol implementation. QKD is secure in theory, but practical implementations often differ from theory due to imperfect devices. An intruder can find loopholes and vulnerabilities to attack the QKD systems and jeopardize its security. In this thesis, current knowledge of these attacks has been reviewed and simulated on two different QKD protocols. The simulations highlight the importance of researching the attacks and implementing countermeasures.
Quantum computing poses significant threats to conventional cryptographic techniques such as RSA and AES, motivating the need for quantum secure communication methods. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) offers information theoretic security based on fundamental quantum principles. This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of well-known QKD protocols, namely BB84, B92, and E91, using the IBM Qiskit framework. Realistic quantum channel effects, including noise, decoherence, and eavesdropping, are modeled to evaluate protocol performance. Key metrics such as error rate, secret key generation, and security characteristics are analyzed and compared. The study highlights practical challenges in QKD implementation, including hardware limitations and channel losses, and discusses insights toward scalable and robust quantum communication systems. The results support the feasibility of QKD as a promising solution for secure communication in the quantum era.