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IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)

Boson Sampling from a Multimode Cavity Containing Bose-Einstein Condensate

Vitaly V. Kocharovsky

Published Aug 30, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel approach to boson sampling is described which is based on a multimode cavity containing Bose-Einsteincondensed atoms interacting with photons. It does not require external on-demand sources of photons in nonclassical (squeezed, Fock or alike) states and does not suffer from losses exponentially growing with the number of optical channels. As a result, contrary to other boson sampling schemes, it has a potential for demonstrating quantum advantage of quantum many-body systems over classical computers.

DOI
10.1109/qce65121.2025.00118

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A novel approach to boson sampling is described which is based on a multimode cavity containing Bose-Einsteincondensed atoms interacting with photons. It does not require external on-demand sources of photons in nonclassical (squeezed, Fock or alike) states and does not suffer from losses exponentially growing with the number of optical channels. As a result, contrary to other boson sampling schemes, it has a potential for demonstrating quantum advantage of quantum many-body systems over classical computers.
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We propose boson sampling from a system of coupled photons and Bose-Einstein condensed atoms placed inside a multi-mode cavity as a simulation process testing the quantum advantage of quantum systems over classical computers. Consider a two-level atomic transition far-detuned from photon frequency. An atom-photon scattering and interatomic collisions provide interactions that create quasiparticles and excite atoms and photons into squeezed entangled states, orthogonal to the atomic condensate and classical field driving the two-level transition, respectively. We find a joint probability distribution of atom and photon numbers within a quasi-equilibrium model via a hafnian of an extended covariance matrix. It shows a sampling statistics that is ♯P-hard for computing, even if only photon numbers are sampled. Merging cavity-QED and quantum-gas technologies into a hybrid boson sampling setup has the potential to overcome the limitations of separate, photon or atom, sampling schemes and reveal quantum advantage.
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Abstract We suggest a new platform for examination of quantum statistical phenomena in many-body interacting systems – a multi-qubit Bose-Einstein-condensate (BEC) trap. Ideally, it is suitable for demonstrating manifestations of quantum supremacy of such systems through atomic boson sampling of excited-state occupations. This is wholly different than the linear-interferometer platform which uses Gaussian boson sampling of non-interacting non-equilibrium photons rather than interacting atoms in equilibrium. We present a basic model of the multi-qubit BEC trap and illustrate its essential properties by means of numerical simulations.
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