This book offers a detailed introduction to Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear quantum systems, tailored for advanced undergraduates and researchers. It bridges foundational concepts with modern developments in quantum condensed matter. Starting with the history and experimental milestones of BECs, it explores theoretical models including mean-field and beyond-mean-field approaches for both scalar and vectorial condensates. Analytical techniques such as inverse scattering and soliton theory are covered alongside numerical methods for solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Applications span optical solitons, quantum vortices, and exciton-polariton physics. Each topic is supported by examples, problem sets, and computational tools, equipping readers with both theoretical insight and practical skills to engage with cutting-edge research areas like quantum turbulence and supersolids. Part of IOP Series in Advances in Optics, Photonics and Optoelectronics. Key features • Introduces the subject at the very basic level. • Includes the analytical and theoretical methods. • Contains numerical methods. • Provides worked examples, end-of-chapter summaries, and homework problems.
This book offers a detailed introduction to Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and nonlinear quantum systems, tailored for advanced undergraduates and researchers. It bridges foundational concepts with modern developments in quantum condensed matter. Starting with the history and experimental milestones of BECs, it explores theoretical models including mean-field and beyond-mean-field approaches for both scalar and vectorial condensates. Analytical techniques such as inverse scattering and soliton theory are covered alongside numerical methods for solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Applications span optical solitons, quantum vortices, and exciton-polariton physics. Each topic is supported by examples, problem sets, and computational tools, equipping readers with both theoretical insight and practical skills to engage with cutting-edge research areas like quantum turbulence and supersolids. Part of IOP Series in Advances in Optics, Photonics and Optoelectronics. Key features • Introduces the subject at the very basic level. • Includes the analytical and theoretical methods. • Contains numerical methods. • Provides worked examples, end-of-chapter summaries, and homework problems.
This reference book explains the fundamentals of Bose Einstein Condensation (BEC) in excitons and polaritons. It presents five chapters exploring fundamental concepts and recent developments on the subject. Starting with a historical overview of BEC, the book progresses into the origins and behaviors of excitons and polaritons. Chapters also cover the unique thermalization and relaxation kinetics of excitons, and the distinctive features of polaritons, such as lasing, superfluidity, and quantized vortices. The chapters dedicated to BEC in excitons and polaritons detail experimental techniques, theoretical modeling, recent advancements, and practical applications in a simplified way for beginners. This book serves as a resource for researchers, physicists, and students interested in the phenomena of BEC, providing insights into both the theoretical foundations and the practical implications of excitons and polaritons.
This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), providing a comprehensive theoretical foundation for subsequent investigation on their localization and numerical simulation. It begins with a historical overview of BECs, tracing their theoretical origins and experimental realization. The chapter then focuses on the theoretical perspective of scalar BECs and how it can be modelled by a single-component Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation in the mean-field description, a variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation encompassing a trapping potential and interatomic interaction. The mean-field description is then extended to govern the dynamics of vectorial condensates described by a coupled GP equation with intra and inter-species (atomic) interactions. Subsequently, the chapter discusses the origin of fermionic condensates, highlighting their distinct pairing mechanisms. Beyond mean-field approaches are then introduced to address the limitations of the GP framework, incorporating quantum fluctuations and correlations. The chapter concludes with an outline of the textbook, setting the stage for analytical and numerical investigations of ultracold atoms in ensuing chapters.
L Pitaevskii and S Stringari Oxford: Oxford University Press (2003) £55.50 (hardback), ISBN 0-19-850719-4 The Gross--Pitaevskii equation, named after one of the authors of the book, and its large number of applications for describing the properties of Bose--Einstein condensation (BEC) in trapped weakly interacting atomic gases, is the main topic of this book. In total the monograph comprises 18 chapters and is divided into two parts. Part I introduces the notion of BEC and superfluidity in general terms. The most important properties of the ideal and the weakly interacting Bose gas are described and the effects of nonuniformity due to an external potential at zero temperature are studied. The first part is then concluded with a summary of the properties of superfluid 4He. In Part II the authors describe the theoretical aspects of BEC in harmonically trapped weakly interacting atomic gases. A short and rather rudimentary chapter on collisions and trapping of atomic gases which seems to be included for completeness only is followed by a detailed analysis of the ground state,\newpage\noindent collective excitations, thermodynamics, and vortices as well as mixtures of BECs and the Josephson effect in BEC. Finally, the last three chapters deal with topics of more recent interest like BEC in optical lattices, low dimensional systems, and cold Fermi gases. The book is well written and in fact it provides numerous useful and important relations between the different properties of a BEC and covers most of the aspects of ultracold weakly interacting atomic gases from the point of view of condensed matter physics. The book contains a comprehensive introduction to BEC for physicists new to the field as well as a lot of detail and insight for those already familiar with this area. I therefore recommend it to everyone who is interested in BEC. Very clearly however, the intention of the book is not to provide prospects for applications of BEC in atomic physics, quantum optics or quantum state engineering and therefore the more practically oriented reader might sometimes wonder why exactly an equation is termed useful or important.
Modern experimental developments in condensed matter and ultracold atom physics present formidable challenges to theorists. This book provides a pedagogical introduction to quantum field theory in many-particle physics, emphasizing the applicability of the formalism to concrete problems. This second edition contains two new chapters developing path integral approaches to classical and quantum nonequilibrium phenomena. Other chapters cover a range of topics, from the introduction of many-body techniques and functional integration, to renormalization group methods, the theory of response functions, and topology. Conceptual aspects and formal methodology are emphasized, but the discussion focuses on practical experimental applications drawn largely from condensed matter physics and neighboring fields. Extended and challenging problems with fully worked solutions provide a bridge between formal manipulations and research-oriented thinking. Aimed at elevating graduate students to a level where they can engage in independent research, this book complements graduate level courses on many-particle theory.
The field of ultracold atomic physics has developed rapidly during the last two decades, and currently encompasses a broad range of topics in physics, with a variety of important applications in topics ranging from quantum computing and simulation to quantum metrology, and can be used to probe fundamental many-body effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity. Beginning with the underlying and including the most cutting-edge experimental developments, this textbook covers essential topics such as Bose-Einstein condensation of alkali atoms, studies of BEC-BCS crossover in degenerate Fermi gas, synthetic gauge fields and Hubbard models, and many-body localization and dynamical gauge fields. Key physical concepts, such as symmetry and universality highlight the connections between different systems, and theory is developed with plain derivations supported by experimental results. This self-contained and modern text will be invaluable for researchers, graduate students and advanced undergraduates studying cold atom physics, from both a theoretical and experimental perspective.
Since an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, predicted by Einstein in 1925, was first produced in the laboratory in 1995, the study of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases has become one of the most active areas in contemporary physics. This book explains phenomena in ultracold gases from basic principles, without assuming a detailed knowledge of atomic, condensed matter, and nuclear physics. This new edition has been revised and updated, and includes new chapters on optical lattices, low dimensions, and strongly-interacting Fermi systems. This book provides a unified introduction to the physics of ultracold atomic Bose and Fermi gases for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as experimentalists and theorists. Chapters cover the statistical physics of trapped gases, atomic properties, cooling and trapping atoms, interatomic interactions, structure of trapped condensates, collective modes, rotating condensates, superfluidity, interference phenomena, and trapped Fermi gases. Problems are included at the end of each chapter.