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Entropy

A Quantum Proxy Signature Scheme Without Restrictions on the Identity and Number of Verifiers

Siyu Xiong

Published Nov 19, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum digital signatures (QDS) establish a framework for information-theoretically secure authentication in quantum networks. As a specialized extension of QDS, quantum proxy signatures facilitate secure delegation of signing privileges in distributed quantum environments. However, existing schemes require the predefinition of verifier identities at the system setup phase, which fundamentally constrains their deployment in real-world scenarios. To address this constraint, we propose a quantum proxy signature scheme supporting verification by arbitrary parties without pre-registration while maintaining information-theoretic security guarantees. This work presents a constructive approach to mitigating verification constraints in quantum proxy signature architectures.

DOI
10.3390/e27111171

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Quantum digital signatures (QDS) establish a framework for information-theoretically secure authentication in quantum networks. As a specialized extension of QDS, quantum proxy signatures facilitate secure delegation of signing privileges in distributed quantum environments. However, existing schemes require the predefinition of verifier identities at the system setup phase, which fundamentally constrains their deployment in real-world scenarios. To address this constraint, we propose a quantum proxy signature scheme supporting verification by arbitrary parties without pre-registration while maintaining information-theoretic security guarantees. This work presents a constructive approach to mitigating verification constraints in quantum proxy signature architectures.
With the development of science and technology and the appearance of various special conditions that cause signers to be unable to sign, proxy signature is gradually becoming a hot spot in cryptography research. This paper combines proxy signature, quantum teleportation, and multi-party verification and proposes a multi-party verifiable quantum proxy signature scheme based on quantum teleportation. This scheme has the following characteristics: The authentication method based on the Hash function can effectively solve the problem of identity identification among members; in order for the proxy signer to be able to verify the correctness of the proxy authorization, a form of proxy signature authorization that concatenates the identity information of the original signer is used. The security analysis shows that our scheme is unforgeable and undeniable and can resist intercept-resend attacks and cheating attacks.
Digital signatures guarantee the authenticity and transferability of messages and are widely used in modern communication. The security of currently used classical digital signature schemes, however, relies on computational assumptions. In contrast, quantum digital signature (QDS) schemes offer information-theoretic security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. We present two QDS protocols which have the same experimental requirements as quantum key distribution, which is already commercially available. We also give a security proof for the presented QDS schemes against coherent forging attacks.
Proxy signature is a special signature which provided the signer can delegate his signing capability to others.The proxy signature provides that the original signer can delegate his signing permission to a proxy signer, and the proxy signer can replace the original signer to sign the message.In this paper, we propose a proxy signature scheme based on ideas from classical proxy signature schemes and quantum cryptography.The scheme is implemented by Bell states and a symmetrical quantum key cryptosystem.Compile with classical proxy signature schemes, the new scheme can guarantee the security by using quantum key distribution and one-time pads.And it also can prove that the scheme have the characteristics of non-counterfeit, non-disavowal and traceability.Furthermore, the new scheme uses a special quantum encryption to ensure the receiver cannot forge the signature.The validity of the new scheme can be verified, and it is a secure proxy signature scheme.
Digital signatures are widely used for providing security of communications. At the same time, the security of currently deployed digital signature protocols is based on unproven computational assumptions. An efficient way to ensure an unconditional (information-theoretic) security of communication is to use quantum key distribution (QKD), whose security is based on laws of quantum mechanics. In this work we develop an unconditionally secure signature scheme that guarantees authenticity and transferability of arbitrary length messages in a QKD network. In the proposed setup, the QKD network consists of two subnetworks: (i) an internal network that includes the signer and with limitation on the number of malicious nodes and (ii) an external network that has no assumptions on the number of malicious nodes. A consequence of the absence of the trust assumption in the external subnetwork is the necessity of assistance from internal subnetwork recipients for the verification of message-signature pairs by external subnetwork recipients. We provide a comprehensive security analysis of the developed scheme, perform an optimization of the scheme parameters with respect to the secret key consumption, and demonstrate that the developed scheme is compatible with the capabilities of currently available QKD devices.
Extending device-independent (DI) quantum cryptography to composably support all fundamental information security objectives is crucial for secure quantum networks. Achieving this goal requires composable quantum digital signatures (QDSs), which support integrity, authenticity, and nonrepudiation when integrated into quantum networks. Yet existing QDS protocols generally rely on assumptions about the underlying quantum devices, while their security analyses remain largely restricted to stand-alone settings, leaving related-key attacks on the underlying linear feedback shift register (LFSR)-based Toeplitz authentication unaddressed. Here, we establish the first composable security framework for QDS within constructive cryptography, and realize the corresponding ideal QDS resource by developing a DI-QDS protocol employing one-time universal hashing and multi-channel multiplexing. We further derive a related-key security bound for the underlying LFSR-based Toeplitz authentication, thereby establishing unforgeability while extending the forgery boundary considered in previous QDS security analyses. We also demonstrate the practical feasibility of our DI-QDS protocol under realistic quantum network conditions in the finite-size regime, with numerical simulations showing that it enables efficient signing of multibit documents over metropolitan-scale distances. Our results establish QDS as a composable cryptographic primitive and extend DI quantum cryptography to support the full range of information security objectives with composable security guarantees in future quantum networks.
Abstract When the original signer is unable to sign and the proxy signer does not know the information content, proxy blind signature comes into being and becomes a hot topic in cryptography research. This paper combines the methods of proxy blind signature, controlled quantum teleportation and multi-party verification, and proposes a multi-party verifiable quantum proxy blind signature scheme based on controlled quantum teleportation. This scheme has the following features: using a Hash function shared by all participants for authentication can effectively solve the problem of identity identification among members; in order to facilitate the original signer to ensure the security of proxy authorization, the quantum proxy signature authorization form is used to generate quantum states with mutual unbiased fundamental particles. The security analysis shows that the scheme is unforgeable and undeniable, and can resist intercept-forgery attack and collusive attack.