Community detection in complex networks remains a fundamental challenge in network science, with applications across social and biological systems. Various approaches, ranging from optimization techniques to deep learning, have been explored to address this issue. More recently, the emergence of quantum methods has further enhanced computational efficiency, offering new possibilities for improving these existing techniques. In this context, numerous reviews have explored various community detection approaches. However, while some studies have focused individually on deep learning-based methods and quantum-powered techniques, their combined potential remains unexplored. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) on Quantum-Powered Deep Learning for advanced community detection in complex networks. Adopting a structured methodology, it defines key research questions, selects relevant studies from academic databases, and applies rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of deep learning-based community detection and quantum computing techniques, evaluating their effectiveness in optimizing community assignments. Selected studies are compared in terms of performance, computational efficiency, and scalability, revealing key advancements and research gaps. Finally, the paper discusses emerging challenges and opportunities, guiding researchers in leveraging the synergy between deep learning and quantum computing for more effective community detection within complex networks.
Community detection in complex networks remains a fundamental challenge in network science, with applications across social and biological systems. Various approaches, ranging from optimization techniques to deep learning, have been explored to address this issue. More recently, the emergence of quantum methods has further enhanced computational efficiency, offering new possibilities for improving these existing techniques. In this context, numerous reviews have explored various community detection approaches. However, while some studies have focused individually on deep learning-based methods and quantum-powered techniques, their combined potential remains unexplored. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) on Quantum-Powered Deep Learning for advanced community detection in complex networks. Adopting a structured methodology, it defines key research questions, selects relevant studies from academic databases, and applies rigorous inclusion/exclusion criteria. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of deep learning-based community detection and quantum computing techniques, evaluating their effectiveness in optimizing community assignments. Selected studies are compared in terms of performance, computational efficiency, and scalability, revealing key advancements and research gaps. Finally, the paper discusses emerging challenges and opportunities, guiding researchers in leveraging the synergy between deep learning and quantum computing for more effective community detection within complex networks.
The dynamics and underlying structure of complex social networks (SNs) can be discovered using community detection. Considering how quantum computing might improve community detection techniques is becoming more and more popular in light of recent developments in computing technology. In this article, the rapidly developing topic of quantum-SN analysis for community discovery is thoroughly reviewed. Community detection is studied in the context of several quantum-inspired techniques, including quantum annealing and quantum-inspired optimization. To make use of the strengths of both conventional SN research methods and quantum computing techniques, hybrid quantum-classical approaches are being investigated. Case studies and applications that have made use of quantum-SN analysis methodologies are reviewed to highlight the practical consequences and potential advantages over conventional methods. The article also highlights the challenges and limitations of using quantum computing for SN analysis, including technical constraints and ethical issues. Finally, prospects and future research objectives in the area of quantum-SN analysis are highlighted. This covers possible developments in quantum algorithms for community detection, the incorporation of quantum computing with other SN research tasks, and the significance of multidisciplinary collaborations.
Abstract This review aimed to explore the integration of Quantum Computing (QC) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) subsets such as Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), addressing the computational demands posed by the exponential growth of visual data. It identifies key challenges such as interdisciplinary complexity, lack of standard benchmarks, scalability, integration barriers, and the theoretical-practical gap in quantum applications. The review systematically examines existing literature on the application of quantum algorithms in areas including image processing, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Transfer Learning (TL), Federated Learning (FL), networking, cybersecurity and the finance sector. It highlights the usage of quantum principles like superposition and entanglement to accelerate computations, optimize models, and enhance data security in ML/DL frameworks. Findings indicate that integrating QC with ML/DL offers faster convergence, improved optimization, secure decentralized learning, and efficient handling of large-scale and complex data. Specific improvements are observed in TL and FL approaches, NLP accuracy, cryptographic robustness, and performance in medical diagnostics and autonomous systems. QC holds transformative potential in enhancing ML/DL capabilities across domains. Despite existing challenges such as error mitigation and integration complexity, its combination with classical learning methods opens new frontiers for research in AI-driven sectors. Future studies should focus on bridging theoretical and application-level gaps while creating standardized evaluation frameworks.
Quantum deep learning (QDL) for image classification has emerged as a rapidly growing research area at the intersection of quantum computing and computer vision. However, the literature remains fragmented across diverse model architectures, datasets, and evaluation settings, making it difficult to obtain a focused understanding of the field. This study presents a systematic review of QDL models for image classification published between 2020 and 2025. The review was conducted using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-based selection process supported by a mapping perspective. Relevant studies were identified from major academic databases, screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analyzed through a taxonomy-based framework. A total of 47 studies were included and organized into four main architectural categories: Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs), Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs), Quantum Vision Transformers (QViT), and Quantum Attention Mechanisms. The findings show that most existing approaches rely on hybrid quantum-classical designs, where quantum components are integrated selectively into specific stages of the learning pipeline rather than replacing the full classical architecture. Several studies report encouraging results, such as improved parameter efficiency, competitive ACC (accuracy), and robustness in specific settings. Current progress remains constrained by hardware noise, limited qubit availability, encoding overhead, scalability challenges, and inconsistent benchmarking practices. It remains a promising but still emerging direction, with future progress expected to depend on more scalable architectures, fairer evaluation protocols, and broader validation on realistic application.
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly increased the complexity and scope of cybersecurity challenges. With the rise in sophisticated cyberattacks, traditional cryptographic techniques frequently fall short of the risks that are changing, which creates a need for more sophisticated solutions. The capacity of quantum computing to solve complicated problems tenfold quicker than traditional systems, presents a promising approach for enhancing cybersecurity. When integrated with deep learning, better threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and data encryption are all possible with quantum computing. 50 research papers that address the convergence of deep learning, quantum computing, and cybersecurity optimization strategies and were published between 2023 and 2024 are critically examined in this review. The problem statement focuses on how quantum-enhanced deep learning models can help overcome the shortcomings of traditional approaches in dealing with new cyber threats. The review highlights the key methodologies, optimization strategies, and outcomes presented in recent studies, offering insights into their practical applications and potential impact on future cybersecurity frameworks. Additionally, it discusses the challenges associated with implementing quantum computing in real-world scenarios, such as scalability, resource requirements, and integration with existing security infrastructures, providing a comprehensive perspective on the changing terrain of cybersecurity solutions.
Social network analysis (SNA) has been the topic of interest for researchers and analysts for quite a while as social networks have become the indispensable part of the semantic web. SNA has now forked itself into community detection to cater to the needs of business analytics, health monitoring, military, academia, recommendation systems, etc.; thus utilizing and processing huge amount of data. In this regard, quantum computing (QC) has has come in time to augment the classical systems with quantum characteristics ensuring unprecedented data storage and manipulation capabilities. It thus becomes necessary to facilitate effective data utility in SNA by incorporating emerging technologies like QML (Quantum machine learning) in the domain of community detection. The paper aims to present a brief insight into social network analysis and community detection highlighting the limitations prevalent in the current technologies. A systematic analysis of evolution of QML from QC has been presented whilst reviewing and discussing the relevance of QML based community detection algorithms in resolving the issues associated with the current approaches. Lastly, QML has been proposed as a novel approach to harness the power of ML (Machine learning) in quantum empowered systems by illustrating its supremacy to classical ML based community detection algorithms.
Quantum computing (QC) stands apart from traditional computing systems by employing revolutionary techniques for processing information. It leverages the power of quantum bits (qubits) and harnesses the unique properties exhibited by subatomic particles, such as superposition, entanglement, and interference. These quantum phenomena enable quantum computers to operate on an entirely different level, exponentially surpassing the computational capabilities of classical computers. By manipulating qubits and capitalising on their quantum states, QC holds the promise of solving complex problems that are currently intractable in the case of traditional computers. The potential impact of QC extends beyond its computational power and reaches into various critical sectors, including healthcare. Scientists and engineers are working diligently to overcome various challenges and limitations associated with QC technology. These include issues related to qubit stability, error correction, scalability, and noise reduction. In such a scenario, our proposed work provides a concise summary of the most recent state of the art based on articles published between 2018 and 2023 in the healthcare domain. Additionally, the approach follows the necessary guidelines for conducting a systematic literature review. This includes utilising research questions and evaluating the quality of the articles using specific metrics. Initially, a total of 2,038 records were acquired from multiple databases, with 468 duplicate records and 1,053 records unrelated to healthcare subsequently excluded. A further 258, 68, and 39 records were eliminated based on title, abstract, and full-text criteria, respectively. Ultimately, the remaining 49 articles were subject to evaluation, thus providing a brief overview of the recent literature and contributing to existing knowledge and comprehension of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms and their applications in the healthcare sector. This analysis establishes a foundational framework for forthcoming research and development at the intersection of QC and machine learning, ultimately paving the way for innovative approaches to addressing complex challenges within the healthcare domain.