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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Progress Towards the Quantum Control of the Zeeman Sublevels of Ultracold 87Rb Atoms

S. Martínez Sánchez, C. J. Ruiz Loredo, G. Ortiz Ugalde, Neil Corzo, J. M. López Romero, K. Jiménez García

Published May 12, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work presents the design and implementation of an RF system for the manipulation of the Zeeman sublevels of the87Rb atomic ground-state. This system allows efficient generation, control and transmission of the RF field that interacts with the atoms, facilitating the preparation of quantum states on demand via Rabi oscillations, while fine-tuning experimental parameters such as signal intensity and frequency. As Zeeman levels are highly sensitive to external magnetic fields, the system facilitates radio frequency spectroscopy, enabling precise measurement of such fields.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs64367.2025.11194651

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This work presents the design and implementation of an RF system for the manipulation of the Zeeman sublevels of the87Rb atomic ground-state. This system allows efficient generation, control and transmission of the RF field that interacts with the atoms, facilitating the preparation of quantum states on demand via Rabi oscillations, while fine-tuning experimental parameters such as signal intensity and frequency. As Zeeman levels are highly sensitive to external magnetic fields, the system facilitates radio frequency spectroscopy, enabling precise measurement of such fields.
This thesis describes the use of microwave frequency sweeps across the resonance of a magnetic dipole transition to induce adiabatic rapid passage of an ultracold (<1 μK) atomic ensemble between Zeeman sub-levels of the 87Rb ground state. Atoms begin in the |F = 2, mF = 2> quantum state, and efficient preparation of the sample in the |F = 1, mF = 1> state is demonstrated.\nA dispersive probing system is developed using the technique of frequency modulation spectroscopy, which involves a heterodyne detection scheme. Dispersive probing is implemented in parallel to the state preparation, such that the real-time evolution of coherent transfer processes can be monitored.\nThe dispersive probe is used as a tool to quickly and accurately determine the microwave resonance frequency to within a 30 kHz range. Resonant coherent manipulations (Rabi oscillations) between the |F = 1, mF = 1> and |F = 2, mF = 2> states are then demonstrated and probed dispersively.\nA proof of concept application of the dispersive probing system is also presented. It is used to monitor an RF evaporative cooling sequence, providing a precursor measurement on a trapped atomic cloud. This leads to the ability to terminate the experimental sequence in the case of an unfavourable starting point, and thus a reduction of classical number fluctuations in the final atom number.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption of a monochromatic light controlled by a radio frequency field in the cold multi-Zeeman-sublevel atoms are theoretically investigated. These Zeeman sublevels are coupled by a radio frequency (RF) field. Both electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption can be obtained by tuning the frequency of RF field for both the linear polarization and elliptical polarization monochromatic lights. When the transfer of coherence via spontaneous emission from the excited state to the ground state is considered, electromagnetically induced absorption can be changed into electromagnetically induced transparency with the change of intensity of radio field. The transparency windows controlled by the RF field can have potential applications in the magnetic-field measurement and quantum information processing.
We design and implement a low-impedance, high-current radio-frequency (RF) circuit, enabling fast coherent coupling between magnetic levels in cold alkali atomic samples. It is based on a compact, shape-optimized coil that maximizes the RF field coupling with the atomic magnetic dipole, and on coaxial transmission-line transformers that step up the field-generating current flowing in the coil by a factor ∼4 to about 7.5 A for 100 W of RF driving. This allows us to obtain a RF coupling field of about 0.035G/W at the atomic sample location. The system is robust and versatile, as it generates a large RF field without compromising the available optical access, and its central resonant frequency can be adjusted in situ. Our approach provides a cost-effective, reliable solution, featuring a negligible level of interference with surrounding electronic equipment thanks to its symmetric layout. We test the circuit performance using a maximum RF power of 80 W at a frequency around 82 MHz, which corresponds to a measured Rabi frequency ΩR/2π ≃ 18.5 kHz, that is, a π-pulse duration of about 27 μs, between two of the lowest states of 6Li at an offset magnetic field of 770 G. Our solution can be readily adapted to other atomic species and vacuum chamber designs, in view of an increasing modularity of cold atom experiments.