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IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

A Novel Grouping-Based Rate-Splitting Multiple Access Scheme Against Internal Eavesdropping

Chang Liu, Junji Pan, Zheng Xue, Yijie Mao, Guojun Han

Published Sep 30, 2025• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel grouping-based rate splitting multiple access (G-RSMA) against internal eavesdroppers (Eves). Specifically, after users are grouped, their messages are split and encoded into inner-group common and private streams. The inner-group common streams could achieve the dual use: they deliver designated information to legitimate users and serve as artificial noise (AN) to Eves. To ensure the security among users in the presence of internal Eves, our approach maximizes the minimum secrecy rate (MSR) of all legitimate users in the system, which is formulated as a non-convex problem. We tackle it with a novel algorithm leveraging successive convex approximation (SCA), enabling efficient optimization of the transmit precoding scheme. Numerical results show that the G-RSMA approach enhances the MSR performance compared with the one-layer rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) or space division multiple access (SDMA), validating its effectiveness in securing RSMA systems against internal eavesdropping.

DOI
10.1109/lwc.2025.3616105

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In this paper, we propose a novel grouping-based rate splitting multiple access (G-RSMA) against internal eavesdroppers (Eves). Specifically, after users are grouped, their messages are split and encoded into inner-group common and private streams. The inner-group common streams could achieve the dual use: they deliver designated information to legitimate users and serve as artificial noise (AN) to Eves. To ensure the security among users in the presence of internal Eves, our approach maximizes the minimum secrecy rate (MSR) of all legitimate users in the system, which is formulated as a non-convex problem. We tackle it with a novel algorithm leveraging successive convex approximation (SCA), enabling efficient optimization of the transmit precoding scheme. Numerical results show that the G-RSMA approach enhances the MSR performance compared with the one-layer rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) or space division multiple access (SDMA), validating its effectiveness in securing RSMA systems against internal eavesdropping.
As investigations on physical layer security evolve from point-to-point systems to multi-user scenarios, multi-user interference (MUI) is introduced and becomes an unavoidable issue. Different from treating MUI totally as noise in conventional secure communications, in this paper, we propose a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based secure beamforming design, where user messages are split and encoded into common and private streams. Each user not only decodes the common stream and the intended private stream, but also tries to eavesdrop the private streams of other users. We formulate a weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization problem subject to the secrecy rate requirements of all users. To tackle the non-convexity of the formulated problem, a successive convex approximation (SCA)-based approach is adopted to convert the original non-convex and intractable problem into a low-complexity suboptimal iterative algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed secure beamforming scheme outperforms the conventional multi-user linear precoding (MULP) technique in terms of the WSR performance while ensuring user secrecy rate requirements.
Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is an emerging multiple access strategy, with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and space division multiple access (SDMA) as its two special cases. RSMA divides the messages required by users into the private and common parts, and the private streams are naturally suitable for the secure transmission. In this paper, we establish a unified rate-splitting framework to ensure the secure transmission for the three multiple access systems mentioned above. The precoders at the multi-antenna transmitter are conjointly optimized to improve the transmission rate of common message. Successive interference cancellation (SIC) is utilized, and the private message for the downlink broadcasting RSMA network can be effectively hidden in the high-power common message. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed rate-splitting framework can effectively guarantee the secure transmission of the secrecy information.
In this paper, we employ Cooperative Rate-Splitting (CRS) technique to enhance the Secrecy Sum Rate (SSR) for the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Broadcast Channel (BC), consisting of two legitimate users and one eavesdropper, with perfect Channel State Information (CSI) available at all nodes. For CRS based on the three-node relay channel, the transmitter splits and encodes the messages of legitimate users into common and private streams based on Rate-Splitting (RS). With the goal of maximizing SSR, the proposed CRS strategy opportunistically asks the relaying legitimate user to forward its decoded common message. During the transmission, the eavesdropper keeps wiretapping silently. To ensure secure transmission, the common message is used for the dual purpose, serving both as a desired message and Artificial Noise (AN) without consuming extra transmit power comparing to the conventional AN design. Taking into account the total power constraint and the Physical Layer (PHY) security, the precoders and timeslot allocation are jointly optimized by solving the nonconvex SSR maximization problem based on Sequential Convex Approximation (SCA) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed CRS secure transmission scheme outperforms existing Multi-User Linear Precoding (MU-LP) and Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (C-NOMA) strategies. Therefore, CRS is a promising strategy to enhance the PHY security in Multi-antenna BC systems.
Rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) is promising to achieve high spectral efficiency with a higher flexibility relative to non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). In this paper, a novel RSMA-based secure transmission scheme with artificial noise (AN) and an adaptive beamforming is developed with the aim of maximizing the secrecy sum rate (SSR) of the considered system subject to specific constraints. The joint optimization of the power allocation between useful messages and AN signals, rate splitting between the two legitimate receivers, and the two mastering parameters of the beamforming design is tackled. To solve such a non-convex problem, we first analytically reveal some properties of the solution and then focus on an asymptotic scenario with a sufficiently large number of transmit antennas to derive closed-form expressions for the optimal power allocation coefficients. This enables us to develop an efficient method to identify the optimal rate splitting and beamforming parameters. Our examinations demonstrate that the proposed RSMA-based scheme outperforms two benchmark schemes in terms of achieving a higher SSR and the achievable performance gain is exceptional when the number of transmit antennas is small.
Rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) is a technique that is widely used in next-generation wireless systems to efficiently manage multiple users. RSMA splits the transmission into two parts using rate splitting, which increases spectral efficiency. However, this technique also makes a portion of the transmission vulnerable to eavesdropping, which can compromise information security. This vulnerability is not limited to external eavesdroppers but also includes internal eavesdropping among users who share the same transmission. Therefore, there is an increasing need to develop secure RSMA systems to address these critical security issues among untrusted users. This paper focuses on a single-antenna RSMA downlink system with multiple untrusted users undergoing Rician channel fading. In this novel system framework considered for performance analysis, each user interprets its own common and private streams while attempting to eavesdrop on the private streams of other users. We evaluate the system-level performance in practical settings involving line-of-sight (LoS) paths using the Rician channel model and derive a tight closed-form approximate expression of the ergodic secrecy rate. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to validate the theoretical analysis and provide valuable insights into the critical system parameters that impact the achievable ergodic secrecy performance of the RSMA system with untrusted users.
This letter exploits secure beamforming for achieving security-reliability tradeoff in rate splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based communications against eavesdropper collusion. Considering user fairness, we maximize the minimum secrecy rate (MSR) among all legitimate users subject to the quality of service (QoS) constraints and transmit power constraint. A feasibility check problem is first presented to avoid infeasible cases. Then, a successive convex approximation-based algorithm is proposed to iteratively optimize the beamforming design. Numerical results show that the proposed RSMA-based design outperforms the baseline design in terms of MSR within certain QoS requirement ranges to trade security for reliability by balancing the power allocated to the common stream and private streams. And the performance advantage enlarges as the number of collusive eavesdroppers increases.