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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Experimental Realization of an Electromagnetically Induced Binary Photonic Lattice With Tunable Flat Band

Shaohuan Ning, Yongping Huang, Jiaqi Yuan, Kaixuan Fan, Changchang Li, Ruofei Li, Yanpeng Zhang, Zhaoyang Zhang

Published Sep 29, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate an electromagnetically induced binary photonic lattice with an instantaneously tunable flat band in a three-level85Rb atomic configuration. The transmitted binary patterns result from the diffraction of an injected Gaussian probe beam through the atomic vapor cell, in which the refractive index is modulated by a binary coupling field with alternating high- and low-intensity peaks under electromagnetically induced transparency. The binary coupling field is established by spatially superimposing two standing-wave fields whose periods differ by a factor of two. The transmitted patterns and the flat band can be readily modulated via controllable atomic coherence. Crucially, by tuning the Rabi frequencies to engineer the refractive index contrast, instantaneous switching of the flat band is achieved. This investigation provides a new method for producing tunable binary photonic lattices, which can serve as a promising platform for investigating the dynamical evolutions of wave packets.

DOI
10.1109/lpt.2025.3615308

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In this Letter, we have investigated experimentally the photonic realization of a moving lattice with an instantaneously tunable transverse velocity in a three-level Λ -type warm 85 R b atomic medium. The dynamic photonic lattice moving along the direction of its spatial periodicity was constructed by introducing a frequency difference (determining the velocity) between two coupling beams, whose interference pattern could optically induce a (spatial) periodic refractive index change inside the atomic vapor under electromagnetically induced transparency. When a Gaussian probe field is launched into this optically induced lattice, the output diffraction patterns can shift along the transverse direction, indicating dynamical features of induced photonic structures. The realization of this effectively controllable moving photonic lattice provides a new platform for guiding the transport of light.
We demonstrate the transition of band structure from flatband to type-III Dirac cones in an electromagnetically induced Kagome photonic lattice generated in a three-level Λ-type 85Rb atomic configuration both experimentally and theoretically. Such instantaneously reconfigurable Kagome photonic lattice with flatband is “written” by a strong coupling field possessing a Kagome intensity distribution, which can modulate the refractive index of atomic vapors in a spatially periodical manner under electromagnetically induced transparency. By introducing an additional one-dimensional periodic coupling field to cover any one set of the three inequivalent sublattices of the induced Kagome photonic lattice, the dispersion-less energy band can evolve into type-III Dirac cones with linear dispersion by easily manipulating the intensity of the one-dimensional field. Our results may pave a new route to engineer in situ reconfigurable photonic structures with type-III Dirac cones, which can act as promising platforms to explore the underlying physics and beam dynamics.