Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Advanced Quantum Technologies

Universal Entanglement Protection for Quantum Teleportation Over Amplitude Damping Channels With Various Entangled States

Sajede Harraz, Shuang Cong

Published Sep 27, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Achieving high‐fidelity quantum teleportation requires the distribution of maximally entangled states through noiseless channels, a condition rarely met in practical implementations. In realistic environments, decoherence processes, such as amplitude damping, severely degrade entanglement quality. In this study, a universal strategy is proposed for protecting entanglement against amplitude damping noise by introducing escort qubits—ancillary qubits specifically designed to assist in the distribution process. This method involves CNOT operations and measurement of the escort qubits. Modeling the amplitude damping channel with a Lindblad master equation, it is showed analytically that the method achieves unit fidelity under ideal operations, independent of the damping rate, with a certain success probability. This method is applied to teleportation with Bell and W states, and compare its performance with weak measurement and environment‐assisted measurement protocols. This approach offers superior fidelity, experimental feasibility, and independence from noise parameters, as confirmed through simulation and Qiskit implementation.

DOI
10.1002/qute.202500382

Related papers

High-fidelity quantum teleportation through noisy channels via weak measurement and environment-assisted measurement

Sajede Harraz, Jiaoyang Zhang, Shuang Cong

A perfect teleportation protocol requires pure maximally shared entangled states. While in reality the shared entanglement is drastically degraded due to the inevitable interaction with the noisy environment. Here, we propose a teleportation protocol to teleport an unknown qubit through amplitude damping channels with a fidelity up to one with a single copy of the entangled state. Our proposed teleportation protocol, while illustrated using the Bell and W entangled states as examples, can be utilized with any type of entangled states. In our protocol, we utilize environment-assisted measurement (EAM) during the entanglement distribution, and further modify the original teleportation protocol to apply weak measurement in the last step of teleportation. We find a balance between teleportation fidelity and success probability by varying the strength of the weak measurement. Furthermore, we investigate the protection of third-party assisted teleportation protocols, where all the qubits of the entangled state pass through the amplitude damping channel. In particular, for the third-party assisted teleportation with the W state, the decoherence of the shared entanglement can be totally suppressed by using EAM, hence no weak measurement is required to achieve an average teleportation fidelity of unity. The numerical simulation results reveal that our proposed teleportation protocol outperforms both the weak measurement based probabilistic teleportation protocol and the original teleportation protocols without protection.

arXiv:2206.14463•Results in Physics•Nov 4, 2023•23 citations

Protected Quantum Teleportation Through Noisy Channel by Weak Measurement and Environment-Assisted Measurement

Sajede Harraz, Shuang Cong, Juan Jose Nieto

Quantum teleportation as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing demonstrates the stark difference between quantum and classical information transmission. An ideal teleportation protocol requires pure maximally entangled state as the teleportation channel, while in real implementations the shared entanglement is severely degraded due to decoherence. In this letter, we propose a scheme to protect the quantum teleportation from decoherence by means of environment assisted measurement with weak measurements and flip operations. We show that the teleportation fidelity of our proposed scheme is significantly improved compared to teleportation with no protection and a teleportation protocol based on quantum measurement reversal. Also, the explicit formula of average teleportation fidelity and success probability of the entanglement protection are derived.

IEEE Communications Letters•Dec 27, 2021•29 citations

Enhancing quantum teleportation fidelity under decoherence via weak measurement with flips

Sajede Harraz, Shuang Cong, Juan Jose Nieto

Abstract Noiseless quantum channels are critical to share a pure maximally entangled state for performing an ideal teleportation protocol. However, in reality the shared entanglement severely degraded due to decoherence. In this paper, we propose a quantum teleportation channel protection scheme to enhance the teleportation fidelity in presence of decoherence. Before the entangled pair enters the decoherence channel, the weak measurement and flip operations are applied to transfer the qubit to a more robust state to the effects of the noise. After the decoherence channel the reversed flip operations and weak measurement reversal are applied to recover the initial state. We illustrate our protected teleportation scheme and compare it with a protocol based on weak measurement reversal. The numerical results show that the average teleportation fidelity of our proposed scheme can be significantly improved. Although the proposed entanglement protection scheme is probabilistic, after a successful entanglement transmission, we use the standard teleportation protocol which has probability one.

EPJ Quantum Technology•May 31, 2022•30 citations

Quantum gate-assisted teleportation in noisy environments: robustness and fidelity improvement

Sajede Harraz, Jiaoyang Zhang, Shuang Cong

Abstract Quantum teleportation as the key strategy for quantum communication requires pure maximally shared entangled states among quantum nodes. In practice, quantum decoherence drastically degrades the shared entanglement during entanglement distribution, which is a serious challenge for the development of quantum networks. However, most of the decoherence control strategies proposed thus far are either resource-intensive or time-consuming. To overcome this obstacle, we enable noise-resistant teleportation through a noisy channel with a limited number of qubits and without applying time-consuming weak measurements. We apply a quantum gate control unit consisting of a controlled NOT gate and a rotation gate after the original teleportation protocol is accomplished. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a teleportation fidelity of unity is attainable when environment-assisted measurement is added to the proposed teleportation protocol via quantum gates. Moreover, we present an entanglement distribution process by employing the designed quantum gate control unit followed by the deterministic standard teleportation protocol to improve teleportation fidelity by establishing improved shared entanglement. Our performance analysis indicates that the proposed teleportation schemes offer a competitive fidelity and success probability compared with the conventional schemes and a recent weak measurement-based teleportation protocol.

Communications in Theoretical Physics•Dec 7, 2023•3 citations

Optimal superdense coding through noisy channels by escorting qubits

Javid Ahmad Malik, Muzaffar Qadir Lone, Prince Ahmad Ganai

Abstract We introduce an escort-qubit–assisted protocol that restores and stabilizes superdense coding capacity in the presence of amplitude damping channel (ADC) noise. The protocol is analyzed under three fundamental noisy configurations: amplitude damping acting on Alice’s subsystem, on Bob’s subsystem, and on both subsystems covering all practically relevant scenarios. In the absence of protection, we show that ADC effects cause a monotonic degradation of the superdense coding capacity, driving it below the classical limit in the strong decoherence regime and completely erasing the quantum advantage. Our escort-qubit protocol overcomes this limitation by coherently tracking the channel-induced Kraus trajectories during entanglement distribution. Post-selection of the no-flip trajectory, projects the shared state onto a maximally entangled resource state, thereby recovering the optimal superdense coding capacity of two classical bits, independent of the noise strength and noisy configuration. Importantly, when all ADC trajectories are taken into account, the resulting average capacity although inherently suboptimal remains strictly above both the classical limit and the unprotected capacity across the entire decoherence range. These results establish the escort-qubit protocol as a powerful, scalable, and experimentally viable approach for preserving quantum advantage and enhancing information throughput in noisy quantum communication networks.

•Feb 26, 2026•0 citations

Optimal tripartite quantum teleportation protocols via noisy channels by feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement

Peiyao Zhang, Xiujuan Lu, Sen Kuang +1 more

This paper presents a tripartite quantum teleportation protocol that incorporates feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement, aiming to suppress the influence of arbitrary noise with at least one reversible Kraus operator. In this protocol, the feed-forward control is first utilized before the decoherence channel, such that the entangled qubit is transferred to the target state, which is more robust against noise. Next, the measurement is performed on the noise environment coupled with the entangled qubit during the decoherence channel. Finally, the reversed feed-forward control and the redesigned weak measurement reversal operator are applied after the decoherence channel. This protocol can be applied to the case where both amplitude damping and phase damping noise coexist. Based on this protocol, the analytical expressions for performance metrics including the average fidelity and the success probability are further derived. Even for the heavy damping cases, the final average teleportation fidelity can reach 1, which is independent of the magnitude of decoherence and the entanglement parameters. Furthermore, we optimize the success probability without compromising fidelity, and derive the average fidelity expression of the standard tripartite teleportation protocol through the phase damping noise channel. The effectiveness of our protocol is verified by numerical simulations.

Results in Physics•Apr 8, 2024•4 citations
Abstract Achieving high‐fidelity quantum teleportation requires the distribution of maximally entangled states through noiseless channels, a condition rarely met in practical implementations. In realistic environments, decoherence processes, such as amplitude damping, severely degrade entanglement quality. In this study, a universal strategy is proposed for protecting entanglement against amplitude damping noise by introducing escort qubits—ancillary qubits specifically designed to assist in the distribution process. This method involves CNOT operations and measurement of the escort qubits. Modeling the amplitude damping channel with a Lindblad master equation, it is showed analytically that the method achieves unit fidelity under ideal operations, independent of the damping rate, with a certain success probability. This method is applied to teleportation with Bell and W states, and compare its performance with weak measurement and environment‐assisted measurement protocols. This approach offers superior fidelity, experimental feasibility, and independence from noise parameters, as confirmed through simulation and Qiskit implementation.
A perfect teleportation protocol requires pure maximally shared entangled states. While in reality the shared entanglement is drastically degraded due to the inevitable interaction with the noisy environment. Here, we propose a teleportation protocol to teleport an unknown qubit through amplitude damping channels with a fidelity up to one with a single copy of the entangled state. Our proposed teleportation protocol, while illustrated using the Bell and W entangled states as examples, can be utilized with any type of entangled states. In our protocol, we utilize environment-assisted measurement (EAM) during the entanglement distribution, and further modify the original teleportation protocol to apply weak measurement in the last step of teleportation. We find a balance between teleportation fidelity and success probability by varying the strength of the weak measurement. Furthermore, we investigate the protection of third-party assisted teleportation protocols, where all the qubits of the entangled state pass through the amplitude damping channel. In particular, for the third-party assisted teleportation with the W state, the decoherence of the shared entanglement can be totally suppressed by using EAM, hence no weak measurement is required to achieve an average teleportation fidelity of unity. The numerical simulation results reveal that our proposed teleportation protocol outperforms both the weak measurement based probabilistic teleportation protocol and the original teleportation protocols without protection.
Quantum teleportation as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing demonstrates the stark difference between quantum and classical information transmission. An ideal teleportation protocol requires pure maximally entangled state as the teleportation channel, while in real implementations the shared entanglement is severely degraded due to decoherence. In this letter, we propose a scheme to protect the quantum teleportation from decoherence by means of environment assisted measurement with weak measurements and flip operations. We show that the teleportation fidelity of our proposed scheme is significantly improved compared to teleportation with no protection and a teleportation protocol based on quantum measurement reversal. Also, the explicit formula of average teleportation fidelity and success probability of the entanglement protection are derived.
Abstract Noiseless quantum channels are critical to share a pure maximally entangled state for performing an ideal teleportation protocol. However, in reality the shared entanglement severely degraded due to decoherence. In this paper, we propose a quantum teleportation channel protection scheme to enhance the teleportation fidelity in presence of decoherence. Before the entangled pair enters the decoherence channel, the weak measurement and flip operations are applied to transfer the qubit to a more robust state to the effects of the noise. After the decoherence channel the reversed flip operations and weak measurement reversal are applied to recover the initial state. We illustrate our protected teleportation scheme and compare it with a protocol based on weak measurement reversal. The numerical results show that the average teleportation fidelity of our proposed scheme can be significantly improved. Although the proposed entanglement protection scheme is probabilistic, after a successful entanglement transmission, we use the standard teleportation protocol which has probability one.
Abstract Quantum teleportation as the key strategy for quantum communication requires pure maximally shared entangled states among quantum nodes. In practice, quantum decoherence drastically degrades the shared entanglement during entanglement distribution, which is a serious challenge for the development of quantum networks. However, most of the decoherence control strategies proposed thus far are either resource-intensive or time-consuming. To overcome this obstacle, we enable noise-resistant teleportation through a noisy channel with a limited number of qubits and without applying time-consuming weak measurements. We apply a quantum gate control unit consisting of a controlled NOT gate and a rotation gate after the original teleportation protocol is accomplished. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a teleportation fidelity of unity is attainable when environment-assisted measurement is added to the proposed teleportation protocol via quantum gates. Moreover, we present an entanglement distribution process by employing the designed quantum gate control unit followed by the deterministic standard teleportation protocol to improve teleportation fidelity by establishing improved shared entanglement. Our performance analysis indicates that the proposed teleportation schemes offer a competitive fidelity and success probability compared with the conventional schemes and a recent weak measurement-based teleportation protocol.
Abstract We introduce an escort-qubit–assisted protocol that restores and stabilizes superdense coding capacity in the presence of amplitude damping channel (ADC) noise. The protocol is analyzed under three fundamental noisy configurations: amplitude damping acting on Alice’s subsystem, on Bob’s subsystem, and on both subsystems covering all practically relevant scenarios. In the absence of protection, we show that ADC effects cause a monotonic degradation of the superdense coding capacity, driving it below the classical limit in the strong decoherence regime and completely erasing the quantum advantage. Our escort-qubit protocol overcomes this limitation by coherently tracking the channel-induced Kraus trajectories during entanglement distribution. Post-selection of the no-flip trajectory, projects the shared state onto a maximally entangled resource state, thereby recovering the optimal superdense coding capacity of two classical bits, independent of the noise strength and noisy configuration. Importantly, when all ADC trajectories are taken into account, the resulting average capacity although inherently suboptimal remains strictly above both the classical limit and the unprotected capacity across the entire decoherence range. These results establish the escort-qubit protocol as a powerful, scalable, and experimentally viable approach for preserving quantum advantage and enhancing information throughput in noisy quantum communication networks.
This paper presents a tripartite quantum teleportation protocol that incorporates feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement, aiming to suppress the influence of arbitrary noise with at least one reversible Kraus operator. In this protocol, the feed-forward control is first utilized before the decoherence channel, such that the entangled qubit is transferred to the target state, which is more robust against noise. Next, the measurement is performed on the noise environment coupled with the entangled qubit during the decoherence channel. Finally, the reversed feed-forward control and the redesigned weak measurement reversal operator are applied after the decoherence channel. This protocol can be applied to the case where both amplitude damping and phase damping noise coexist. Based on this protocol, the analytical expressions for performance metrics including the average fidelity and the success probability are further derived. Even for the heavy damping cases, the final average teleportation fidelity can reach 1, which is independent of the magnitude of decoherence and the entanglement parameters. Furthermore, we optimize the success probability without compromising fidelity, and derive the average fidelity expression of the standard tripartite teleportation protocol through the phase damping noise channel. The effectiveness of our protocol is verified by numerical simulations.