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International Conference on Communications

Secrecy Outage Probability of Secure Transmission with Artificial Noise in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks

Yongjae Lee, Taehoon Kim, Inkyu Bang

Published Jun 8, 2025• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Satellite communication has become essential for achieving seamless global connectivity in the 5 G and the future 6G networks. However, preventing eavesdropping attacks on data transmission remains a challenge due to the broadcasting nature of radio signals. Physical layer security (PLS) is a promising approach that can offer a lightweight solution suitable for satellites with hardware constraints such as limited computing and processing power. Recent studies considering PLS techniques have investigated secrecy performance in various satellite communication environments such as non-orthogonal multiple access but multi-satellite scheduling problems have been less highlighted. Particularly, in this paper, we investigate secrecy outage probability in low Earth orbit satellite networks by jointly considering multi-satellite scheduling for data and artificial noise transmissions against eavesdropping attacks. We propose a novel multi-satellite scheduling scheme and derive a closed-form of secrecy outage probability over Nakagami-$m$fading channels. We verify our analysis and evaluate our proposed scheme compared to several baseline schemes through extensive simulations.

DOI
10.1109/icc52391.2025.11161678

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Satellite communication has become essential for achieving seamless global connectivity in the 5 G and the future 6G networks. However, preventing eavesdropping attacks on data transmission remains a challenge due to the broadcasting nature of radio signals. Physical layer security (PLS) is a promising approach that can offer a lightweight solution suitable for satellites with hardware constraints such as limited computing and processing power. Recent studies considering PLS techniques have investigated secrecy performance in various satellite communication environments such as non-orthogonal multiple access but multi-satellite scheduling problems have been less highlighted. Particularly, in this paper, we investigate secrecy outage probability in low Earth orbit satellite networks by jointly considering multi-satellite scheduling for data and artificial noise transmissions against eavesdropping attacks. We propose a novel multi-satellite scheduling scheme and derive a closed-form of secrecy outage probability over Nakagami-mmmfading channels. We verify our analysis and evaluate our proposed scheme compared to several baseline schemes through extensive simulations.
Satellite communications have become essential in several domains such as broadcasting, navigation, and military applications. However, wireless communications including satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping by malicious users. In this paper, we propose artificial noise assisted low earth orbit (LEO) satellite scheduling to enhance the secrecy of satellite communications. Further, we evaluate our proposed scheme through extensive simulations in terms of the secrecy rate and finally provide intuition to design future satellite communication systems from the aspect of security.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping due to open wireless links. To address this issue, a simplified artificial noise (AN)-aided physical layer security scheme is proposed. A practical system model including a multi-antenna LEO satellite, a single-antenna ground user, and multiple eavesdroppers is established, considering shadowed Rician fading and imperfect channel state information (CSI). The AN is projected into the null space of the legitimate user’s channel to avoid interference, while suppressing eavesdroppers. A fixed power allocation strategy is adopted for easy implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms traditional methods in secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability (SOP) with low computational complexity, making it suitable for resource-constrained LEO satellite systems.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communications are vulnerable to eavesdropping over open wireless links. This paper proposes a simplified artificial noise (AN)-aided physical layer security scheme. A system model with a multi-antenna LEO satellite, a single-antenna ground user, and multiple eavesdroppers is built under shadowed-Rician fading and imperfect channel state information. AN is projected into the null space of the legitimate channel to avoid interference, and fixed power allocation is adopted for low complexity. Simulations show the scheme achieves better secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability than traditional methods, suitable for resource-constrained LEO satellite systems.
As key enablers of 6G, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations are expected to offer global and low-latency connectivity. However, the broadcast nature and open-space propagation of satellite communications make it inherently vulnerable to eavesdropping. In dense LEO constellations where multiple satellites simultaneously cover overlapping regions, satellite scheduling can significantly contribute to secrecy performance. In this letter, we investigate a novel deep learning-based secure scheduling problem for physical layer security (PLS) in LEO satellite networks. During the scheduling process, we jointly consider multi-satellite transmission and cooperative artificial noise (AN) generation to defend against eavesdropping. The proposed deep learning-based scheduler, designed using attention-based permutation-invariant neural networks, learns security-oriented scheduling policies based solely on statistical channel information of eavesdroppers. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheduling algorithm significantly enhances secrecy performance in terms of both secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability, outperforming conventional baseline schemes.
This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) for the transmission of confidential information over satellite communication systems under unified framework. The generalized shadowed-Rician (SR) fading is utilized to model the satellite channel, and multiple legitimate users are served to cooperatively receive the broadcast signal with a cluster of unauthorized eavesdroppers. In particular, the channel estimation error (CEE) is considered for both the legitimate user and eavesdropping links. Based on the practical channel modeling, we derive the closed-form expressions for the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and average secrecy capacity (ASC) of the considered satellite communication system in the presence of imperfect channel estimation (ICE), which can provide efficient methods to evaluate the impacts of various propagation parameters on the secrecy performance. In order to obtain further insights into the key parameters on the secrecy performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the asymptotic expressions of the SOP and ASC are also derived. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to verify the correctness of our performance analysis.
In this paper, we consider a low earth orbit satellite communication system with a legitimate user and an eavesdropper and investigate its secrecy performance. Considering the beam coverage of the satellites, we propose a system where a friendly jammer satellite transmits artificial noise signals only to eavesdroppers. We obtain the cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios taking into account the Nakagami-𝑚 fading and the positions of ground users and satellites. The CDFs are used to derive the analytical forms of the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity, secrecy capacity outage probability, and average secrecy capacity. In addition, for tractability and insight, asymptotic forms are also investigated at a high-power regime. Finally, we present the numerical results to validate the obtained expressions and show the diversity order of the secrecy capacity.