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Communication Demonstration Using High Fidelity Artificial Quantum Thermal States Designed for Quantum Steganography

Haley A. Weinstein, Bruno Avritzer, Todd A. Brun, Jonathan L. Habif

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate transmission of image data encoded using artificially-engineered thermal states designed to achieve positive-rate, quantum steganographic optical communications.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2025.aa107_4

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In a previous work we have discussed a theoretical grounding for classical steganography using quantum Fock and coherent states in an optical channel, building on previous work by Wu et al. In that work, we discussed protocols which disguise communications to mimic the thermal state of a harmonic oscillator. In this work we will extend this to transmission of quantum information, and demonstrate the utility of steganographic entanglement sharing in practical contexts like nonclassical state teleportation, even with the presence of an active eavesdropper.
Quantum steganography is a powerful method for information security where communications between a sender and receiver are disguised as naturally occurring noise in a channel. A candidate resource state required for implementing quantum steganography is a weak coherent state engineered with modulated phase and amplitude values drawn from probability distributions that result in a mixed state indistinguishable from a thermal state. We experimentally demonstrate construction of this resource state by encoding the phase and amplitude of weak coherent laser states such that a third party monitoring the communications channel, measuring the flow of optical states through the channel, would see an amalgamation of states indistinguishable from thermal noise light such as that from spontaneous emission. Using quantum state tomography, we experimentally reconstructed the density matrices for the artificially engineered thermal states and spontaneous emission from an optical amplifier and verified a mean state fidelityF=0.98F=0.98F=0.98when compared with theoretical thermal states.