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Metasurface Toolbox for Trapped Ion Quantum Computing

Adam J. Ollanik, Rezlind Bushati, David M. Gaudiosi, Johanna Zultak, Daniel G. Ouellette, Matthias Preidl, Molly R. Krogstad, Matthew J. Bohn, Mary Rowe, Wenqi Zhu, Amit Agrawal, Henri J. Lezec

Published Jan 1, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Integrated metasurfaces can scale optical systems for trapped-ion quantum computing through miniaturization and improved performance and manufacturability. We demonstrate methods for integration with waveguide/grating devices as well as an ion trap chip.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2025.aa103_1

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Atomic ions controlled by laser light are among the leading candidates for large scale quantum computing. However operational systems today require vast scaling to reach levels capable of useful computational tasks. The integration of light delivery will be an essential component of this for the trapped-ion approach. I will describe results in which the use of photonics integrated into ion trap chips has allowed us to perform high fidelity two-qubit gates, which are an essential building block for quantum computers. These systems have now been extended to the operation of multiple trap zones, and the creation of novel optical fields for ion trap control while a new generation of chips allowing integration of all required wavelengths as well as optimised light delivery offers further enhancements in performance and scaling.
Ion traps are a promising platform for the realisation of high-performance quantum computers. To enable the future scalability of these systems, integrated photonic solutions for guiding and manipulating the laser light at chip level are a major step. Such passive optical components offer the great advantage of providing beam radii in the μm range at the location of the ions without increasing the number of bulk optics. Different wavelengths, from UV to NIR, as well as laser beam properties, such as angle or polarisation, are required for different cooling and readout processes of ions. We present simulation results for different optical photonic components, such as grating outcouplers or waveguide splitters and their applications on ion trap chips. Furthermore, we will introduce the experimental setup for the optical characterisation of the fabricated structures.
Trapped neutral atoms are one of the leading platforms for quantum information technologies, in particular for quantum computing, but scaling them to array sizes needed for utility-scale quantum computing is a major engineering challenge. Here we review optical metasurfaces as an enabling technology that provides fine control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light, with pixel counts far exceeding what is available with spatial light modulators (SLMs) and other active devices. The large pixel counts have recently led to demonstrations of arrays of optical tweezers with hundreds of thousands of sites and arrays of optical bottle-beams with complex three-dimensional trapping profiles. The flexibility and scalability of optical metasurfaces provides a route towards miniaturized, integrated, and highly scalable atomic experiments and instruments.