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Quantum metrology for high-precision measurements in quantum networks

M. V. Jabir, Riley B. Dawkins, Javier Sabines-Chesterking, Dileep V. Reddy, Adriana E. Lita, Abdella Battou, Thomas Gerrits

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We developed a source generating TMSV states for precision metrology. Experimentally, with no post section measurements, we demonstrate TMSV states offer greater quantum advantage compared to coherent states determining optical fiber loss on metropolitan scales.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff114_5

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Quantum metrology plays a crucial role in characterizing and stabilizing optical channels in a quantum network, where precise estimation of loss is critical for loss-sensitive quantum protocols. Optical fiber channels are the primary medium for linking quantum nodes, where loss estimation with optical quantum states may enhance the precision compared to classical probes. In this study, we investigate the use of two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) states, an optical quantum state generated via parametric down-conversion, and their detection with photon-number-resolving detectors for characterization of transmission loss. Theoretical analysis indicates that TMSV states exhibit higher Fisher information for transmission parameter estimation than coherent states, suggesting they are superior probes that can significantly enhance measurement precision. Our experimental results confirm that these TMSV states outperform coherent states in the context of loss estimation in an optical channel, achieving up to 3.9 dB higher Fisher information for transmissivity estimation without relying on post-selection measurements. This source can effectively probe transmission losses in optical fibers up to 35 km, maintaining a measurement precision advantage over coherent probe states. These findings underscore the potential of TMSV states to advance quantum metrology and improve the robustness of quantum network applications.
Experimental limitations such as optical loss and noise have prevented entanglement-enhanced measurements from demonstrating a significant quantum advantage in sensitivity. Holland-Burnett entangled states can mitigate these limitations and still present a quantum advantage in sensitivity. Here we model a fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer with internal loss, detector efficiency, and external phase noise and without pure entanglement. This model features a practical fiber source that transforms the two-mode squeezed vacuum (TMSV) into Holland-Burnett entangled states. We predict that a phase sensitivity 28% beyond the shot noise limit is feasible with current technology. Simultaneously, a TMSV source can provide about 25 times more photon flux than other entangled sources. This system will make fiber-based quantum-enhanced sensing accessible and practical for remote sensing and probing photosensitive materials.