Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Achieving Unbounded Quantum Advantage in Sensing with High-Dimensional Bell States

Armanpreet Pannu, Amr Saher Helmy, Hesham El Gamal

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work presents a novel Quantum Illumination protocol using M-mode Bell states which matches the two-mode squeezed vacuum to achieve optimal quantum advantage. When paired with a sequential decision rule for target finding and ranging, Bell states allow an asymptotically infinite quantum advantage as M → ∞.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff120_5

Related papers

High-Dimensional Bell States: A Paradigm Shift for Quantum Illumination

Armanpreet Pannu, Amr Saher Helmy, Hesham El Gamal

This paper solves the open problem of characterizing the performance of quantum illumination (QI) with discrete variable states. By devising a novel quantum measurement approach along with meticulous analysis, our investigation demonstrates that, in the limit as $M \rightarrow \infty$, the maximally entangled $M$ mode Bell state achieves optimal performance, matching the two-mode squeezed vacuum in a high-noise regime and exceeding it in low-noise. This result challenges the dominance of continuous variable states in photonic sensing applications and extends the novelty of QI to regimes where no quantum advantage was believed to exist. A closer analysis reveals that this advantage stems from retained entanglement in the transmitted Bell state, a paradigm-shifting discovery since interaction with the environment in optical systems is believed to break entanglement. The complete mathematical analysis of this work provides granular insights into the interaction between photonic systems and environmental noise, motivating further research into discrete variable quantum sensing.

arXiv:2407.08005•Jul 10, 2024•0 citations

Error Free Quantum Target Finding: When Sequential Detection Meets High Dimensional Entanglement

Armanpreet Pannu, Amr Saher Helmy, Hesham El Gamal

We present a new method for target finding and ranging in Lidar applications using high-dimensional Bell states. Combined with a sequential decision rule, this scheme asymptotically achieves zero error probability with finite energy expenditure. This result stems from the synergy of high-dimensional entanglement suppressing false positives and the sequential decision rule optimizing energy usage. It effectively provides a pathway to unbounded quantum advantage over classical methods and has substantial implications for high-precision sensing in noisy environments.

arXiv:2308.13045•Aug 24, 2023•0 citations

Quantum illumination with asymmetrically squeezed two-mode light

Yonggi Jo, Taek Jeong, Jung-Hyun Kim +4 more

We propose Gaussian quantum illumination(QI) protocol exploiting asymmetrically squeezed two-mode(ASTM) state that is generated by applying single-mode squeezing operations on each mode of an initial two-mode squeezed vacuum(TMSV) state, in order to overcome the limited brightness of a TMSV state. We show that the performance of the optimal receiver is enhanced by local squeezing operation on a signal mode whereas the performance of a realistic receiver can be enhanced by local squeezing operations on both input modes. Under a fixed mean photon number of the signal mode, the ASTM state can be close to the TMSV state in the performance of QI while there is a threshold of beating classical illumination in the mean photon number of the initial TMSV state. We also verify that quantum discord cannot be a resource of quantum advantage in the Gaussian QI using the ASTM state, which is a counterexample of a previous claim.

arXiv:2103.17006•Mar 31, 2021•2 citations

Quantum Illumination with Multiplexed Photodetection

Hao Dong Yang, Nigam Samantaray, John Jeffers

The advantages of using quantum states of light for object detection are often highlighted in schemes that use simultaneous and optimal measurements. Here, we describe a theoretical but experimentally realizable quantum illumination scheme based on nonsimultaneous and nonoptimal measurements, which can maintain this advantage. In particular, we examine the multiclick-heralded two-mode-squeezed vacuum state as a probe signal in a quantum illumination process. The increase in conditioned signal intensity associated with multiclick heralding is greater than that from a single detector-heralded signal. Our results show, for lossy external conditions, the presence of the target object can be revealed earlier using multiclick measurements. We demonstrate this through sequential shot measurements based on Monte Carlo simulation.

arXiv:2209.11117•Physical Review Applied•Sep 9, 2022•13 citations

Quantum illumination with high-dimensional Bell states

Armanpreet Pannu, Amr Saher Helmy, Hesham El Gamal

This work explores a protocol for quantum illumination using high-dimensional Bell states, showing that discrete-variable states can be effective in detecting targets across different noise conditions. The findings suggest that Bell states may serve as a viable alternative to continuous-variable states in quantum sensing, expanding the possibilities for entanglement-enhanced applications.

Physical Review A•Nov 25, 2024•2 citations

Minimum error probability of quantum illumination

Giacomo De Palma, Johannes Borregaard

Quantum illumination is a technique for detecting the presence of a target in a noisy environment by means of a quantum probe. We prove that the two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the optimal probe for quantum illumination in the scenario of asymmetric discrimination, where the goal is to minimize the decay rate of the probability of a false positive with a given probability of a false negative. Quantum illumination with two-mode squeezed vacuum states offers a 6 dB advantage in the error probability exponent compared to illumination with coherent states. Whether more advanced quantum illumination strategies may offer further improvements had been a longstanding open question. Our fundamental result proves that nothing can be gained by considering more exotic quantum states, such as, e.g., multimode entangled states. Our proof is based on a fundamental entropic inequality for the noisy quantum Gaussian attenuators. We also prove that without access to a quantum memory, the optimal probes for quantum illumination are the coherent states.

arXiv:1802.02158•Physical Review A•Jul 2, 2018•70 citations
This paper solves the open problem of characterizing the performance of quantum illumination (QI) with discrete variable states. By devising a novel quantum measurement approach along with meticulous analysis, our investigation demonstrates that, in the limit as M→∞M \rightarrow \inftyM→∞, the maximally entangled MMM mode Bell state achieves optimal performance, matching the two-mode squeezed vacuum in a high-noise regime and exceeding it in low-noise. This result challenges the dominance of continuous variable states in photonic sensing applications and extends the novelty of QI to regimes where no quantum advantage was believed to exist. A closer analysis reveals that this advantage stems from retained entanglement in the transmitted Bell state, a paradigm-shifting discovery since interaction with the environment in optical systems is believed to break entanglement. The complete mathematical analysis of this work provides granular insights into the interaction between photonic systems and environmental noise, motivating further research into discrete variable quantum sensing.
We present a new method for target finding and ranging in Lidar applications using high-dimensional Bell states. Combined with a sequential decision rule, this scheme asymptotically achieves zero error probability with finite energy expenditure. This result stems from the synergy of high-dimensional entanglement suppressing false positives and the sequential decision rule optimizing energy usage. It effectively provides a pathway to unbounded quantum advantage over classical methods and has substantial implications for high-precision sensing in noisy environments.
We propose Gaussian quantum illumination(QI) protocol exploiting asymmetrically squeezed two-mode(ASTM) state that is generated by applying single-mode squeezing operations on each mode of an initial two-mode squeezed vacuum(TMSV) state, in order to overcome the limited brightness of a TMSV state. We show that the performance of the optimal receiver is enhanced by local squeezing operation on a signal mode whereas the performance of a realistic receiver can be enhanced by local squeezing operations on both input modes. Under a fixed mean photon number of the signal mode, the ASTM state can be close to the TMSV state in the performance of QI while there is a threshold of beating classical illumination in the mean photon number of the initial TMSV state. We also verify that quantum discord cannot be a resource of quantum advantage in the Gaussian QI using the ASTM state, which is a counterexample of a previous claim.
The advantages of using quantum states of light for object detection are often highlighted in schemes that use simultaneous and optimal measurements. Here, we describe a theoretical but experimentally realizable quantum illumination scheme based on nonsimultaneous and nonoptimal measurements, which can maintain this advantage. In particular, we examine the multiclick-heralded two-mode-squeezed vacuum state as a probe signal in a quantum illumination process. The increase in conditioned signal intensity associated with multiclick heralding is greater than that from a single detector-heralded signal. Our results show, for lossy external conditions, the presence of the target object can be revealed earlier using multiclick measurements. We demonstrate this through sequential shot measurements based on Monte Carlo simulation.
Quantum illumination is a technique for detecting the presence of a target in a noisy environment by means of a quantum probe. We prove that the two-mode squeezed vacuum state is the optimal probe for quantum illumination in the scenario of asymmetric discrimination, where the goal is to minimize the decay rate of the probability of a false positive with a given probability of a false negative. Quantum illumination with two-mode squeezed vacuum states offers a 6 dB advantage in the error probability exponent compared to illumination with coherent states. Whether more advanced quantum illumination strategies may offer further improvements had been a longstanding open question. Our fundamental result proves that nothing can be gained by considering more exotic quantum states, such as, e.g., multimode entangled states. Our proof is based on a fundamental entropic inequality for the noisy quantum Gaussian attenuators. We also prove that without access to a quantum memory, the optimal probes for quantum illumination are the coherent states.