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Quantum State Discrimination with Optical Metasurfaces

Mengfan Jiang, Lin Juan Deng, Kai Wang

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that inversely designed optical metasurfaces can be a promising ultra-thin and scalable element for quantum state discrimination of single-photon polarization states. We present specific designs with high discrimination probability.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_fs.2025.ff154_1

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The two-dimensional designer metasurfaces have been established as a new class of versatile and powerful optical solution for controlling the classical light in various degrees of freedom such as phase, amplitudes, polarization and angular momentum. Expanding the control capability of metasurface from classical light to quantum state of single photons is an emerging direction that can lead to a new regime of light-matter interaction and applications for quantum technology. In this talk, we will present our proposal and experimental demonstration of manipulating photonic quantum states enabled by an unprecedented design of metasurface. We show the control over the quantum states and the effective quantum interaction between single photons, which is impossible by traditional optics. Our work greatly empowers the operations and functionalities of optical quantum technologies.
We develop a concept of metasurface-assisted ghost imaging for nonlocal discrimination between a set of polarization objects. The specially designed metasurfaces are incorporated in the imaging system to perform parallel state transformations in general elliptical bases of quantum-entangled or classically correlated photons. Then, only four or fewer correlation measurements between multiple metasurface outputs and a simple polarization-insensitive bucket detector after the object can allow for the identification of fully or partially transparent polarization elements and their arbitrary orientation angles. The approach can find applications for real-time and low-light imaging across diverse spectral regions in dynamic environments.
Les métasurfaces optiques, des éléments optiques plans nanostructurés, représentent une plateforme émergente pour la réalisation de composants miniaturisés et plus facilement intégrables dans les domaines de la science et de la technologie quantiques. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que des métasurfaces optiques conçues de manière inverse peuvent être utilisées pour la discrimination d’états quantiques de polarisation de photons uniques. Cette métasurface optique repose sur des nanostructures périodiques en silicium amorphe, dont les paramètres géométriques ont été optimisés. Nous simulons ces métasurfaces à l’aide de la méthode d’analyse rigoureuse des ondes couplées (RCWA) et utilisons des approches d’optimisation globale et locale afin de maximiser la probabilité de succès de la discrimination des états quantiques. Nous présentons des exemples de conceptions permettant de distinguer trois états de polarisation miroir-symétriques de photons uniques. Nous comparons la conception de deux types de structures : un réseau de nanopiliers à section rectangulaire dans le plan et une métasurface de forme libre. Les deux conceptions tiennent compte des contraintes expérimentales telles que les pertes optiques, et atteignent des probabilités de succès en discrimination proches du maximum théorique. En particulier, nous concevons la structure de forme libre à l’aide de l’optimisation topologique avec différentiation automatique, en prenant en compte la robustesse face aux déviations induites par la fabrication. Notre travail met en évidence le potentiel des métasurfaces en tant qu’outils efficaces pour les applications photoniques quantiques, en offrant une solution compacte et évolutive pour les tâches nécessitant une discrimination robuste des états. Ces résultats ouvrent une nouvelle voie pour l’exploration des technologies basées sur les métasurfaces dans l’avancement des protocoles de communication quantique et du traitement de l’information quantique photonique
From metamaterials to metasurfaces, optical nano-structure has been widely investigated for novel and high efficiency functionalities. Apart from the intrisinsic properties of composite material, rich capabilities can be derived from the judicious design of metasurfaces, which enable more excellent and highly integrated optical devices than traditional bulk optical elements. In the meantime, the abundant manipulation abilites of light in the classical domain can be carried over into quantum domain. In this review, we highlight recent development of quantum optics based on metasurfaces, ranging from quantum plasmonics, generation, manipulation and appplication of quantum light to quantum vaccum engineering etc. Finally, some promising avenues for quantum optics with the help of optical metasurface are presented.
Metamaterials Metasurfaces should allow wafer-thin surfaces to replace bulk optical components. Two reports now demonstrate that metasurfaces can be extended into the quantum optical regime. Wang et al. determined the quantum state of multiple photons by simply passing them through a dielectric metasurface, scattering them into single-photon detectors. Stav et al. used a dielectric metasurface to generate entanglement between spin and orbital angular momentum of single photons. The results should aid the development of integrated quantum optic circuits operating on a nanophotonic platform. Science , this issue p. [1104][1], p. [1101][2] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aat8196 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aat9042