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Physical Communication

Physical layer secrecy analysis of hybrid satellite–terrestrial relay networks with a friendly jammer

Xiaoqi Wang, Xiaohan Han, Ming Li

Published Sep 6, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102828

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This study examines physical layer security in a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network where a ground user (GU) transmits confidential data to a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite via an untrusted Low Earth Orbit (LEO) relay adopting the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relay strategy. To counter eavesdropping risks from the relaying LEO satellite, a friendly LEO jammer emits artificial noise. The secrecy rate is analyzed under cognitive radio constraints, considering interference thresholds, relay gain, and GU-LEO link shadowing. Numerical results show that increasing the interference threshold initially improves the secrecy rate but saturates when the maximum transmit power constraint at the GU is reached. When this maximum power constraint is removed, the interference threshold can be adjusted to optimize the secrecy rate. Additionally, we observe that lighter shadowing conditions generally enhance the secrecy rate, even though they improve the untrusted relay's channel. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing security in cognitive satellite-terrestrial networks.

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Relay and jammer selection schemes for improving physical layer security in two-way cooperative networks

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This study examines physical layer security in a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network where a ground user (GU) transmits confidential data to a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite via an untrusted Low Earth Orbit (LEO) relay adopting the Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relay strategy. To counter eavesdropping risks from the relaying LEO satellite, a friendly LEO jammer emits artificial noise. The secrecy rate is analyzed under cognitive radio constraints, considering interference thresholds, relay gain, and GU-LEO link shadowing. Numerical results show that increasing the interference threshold initially improves the secrecy rate but saturates when the maximum transmit power constraint at the GU is reached. When this maximum power constraint is removed, the interference threshold can be adjusted to optimize the secrecy rate. Additionally, we observe that lighter shadowing conditions generally enhance the secrecy rate, even though they improve the untrusted relay's channel. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing security in cognitive satellite-terrestrial networks.
This article investigates the physical-layer security (PLS) of a satellite-terrestrial integrated network (STIN) consisting of a satellite (S), a destination (D), and several friendly jammers in the presence of an eavesdropper (E). For improving PLS of the STIN, we propose three friendly jammer assisted communication schemes to help S securely send confidential information to D, i.e., the random jammer selection assisted communication (RJSC) scheme, the optimal jammer selection assisted communication (OJSC) scheme, and the multiple jammers assisted communication (MJC) scheme. For performance comparison, the nonjammer assisted communication (NJC) scheme is also presented. We analyze secrecy performance of the NJC, RJSC, OJSC, and MJC schemes by carrying out their closed-form secrecy outage probability (SOP) expressions, respectively. Numerical results unveil that the RJSC, OJSC, and MJC schemes exceed the NJC scheme with regard to their SOPs (e.g., as shown inFig. 2, when the signal-to-noise ratio is 25 dB, SOP of the STIN drops from 70% to 3%), and the OJSC scheme can get the best secrecy performance, showing the secrecy benefits of adopting friendly jammers assisted communication schemes against eavesdropping. Additionally, by increasing the number of friendly jammers, the secrecy performance of the OJSC and MJC schemes can be significantly enhanced, while that of the RJSC scheme remains unchanged.