Three-dimensional (3D) imaging in low-light environments has broad application prospects. High-quality 3D imaging requires obtaining both the depth and reflectivity information of the target. With the rapid development of Quantum Information Technology (QIT), Quantum Imaging (QI) provides a new approach to achieve high-quality 3D imaging. However, traditional QI methods are limited to Two-dimensional (2D) imaging and cannot accurately extract the depth information from the target. These methods also suffer from insufficient precision in reflectivity calculations. Therefore, we introduce a novel quantum 3D imaging and reflectivity estimation method based on entangled photons. Specifically, we first utilize the spatiotemporal correlation characteristics of entangled photon pairs combined with coincidence measurement technology to accurately determine target depth. Second, we analyze the distribution of entangled photon numbers during free-space transmission to construct a photon-based detection probability model. Third, we use this model to derive the probability density function of coincidence counts. Finally, we estimate the surface reflectivity information through statistical analysis of coincidence counting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct both depth and reflectivity profiles of the target in low-light environments. These findings validate the effectiveness of our method and highlight the potential of quantum 3D imaging for target detection in low-light environments.
Three-dimensional (3D) imaging in low-light environments has broad application prospects. High-quality 3D imaging requires obtaining both the depth and reflectivity information of the target. With the rapid development of Quantum Information Technology (QIT), Quantum Imaging (QI) provides a new approach to achieve high-quality 3D imaging. However, traditional QI methods are limited to Two-dimensional (2D) imaging and cannot accurately extract the depth information from the target. These methods also suffer from insufficient precision in reflectivity calculations. Therefore, we introduce a novel quantum 3D imaging and reflectivity estimation method based on entangled photons. Specifically, we first utilize the spatiotemporal correlation characteristics of entangled photon pairs combined with coincidence measurement technology to accurately determine target depth. Second, we analyze the distribution of entangled photon numbers during free-space transmission to construct a photon-based detection probability model. Third, we use this model to derive the probability density function of coincidence counts. Finally, we estimate the surface reflectivity information through statistical analysis of coincidence counting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct both depth and reflectivity profiles of the target in low-light environments. These findings validate the effectiveness of our method and highlight the potential of quantum 3D imaging for target detection in low-light environments.
As an important part of underwater optical technology, underwater imaging plays a crucial role in accurately capturing underwater targets and environmental features. Facing the challenges of complex ocean environments and severe photon attenuation, quantum imaging breaks through the limitations of traditional optical imaging technology by utilizing the characteristics of two-photon entanglement and time-space correlation, thus offering a new perspective on ocean turbulence. To this end, we propose a new underwater entangled-photon quantum imaging system. Specifically, we first construct an entangled photon quantum imaging physical model through ocean long-exposure turbulence and then exploit an entangled light coincidence imaging reconstruction method to image the target object. Furthermore, in response to the problem that ocean environment has a great impact on photons, we develop a photon capture probability method based on entangled photon pairs to reduce the impact of the ocean turbulence noise on imaging and improve the underwater target imaging resolution. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by showing that even in harsh ocean environments, quantum imaging performs superior resolution capabilities over traditional light source imaging techniques.
Entangled photon quantum imaging technology has broad application prospects in ocean imaging due to its high resolution, anti-turbulence and anti-interference characteristics. Turbulence and optical attenuation caused by seawater will seriously limit the traditional imaging system, and quantum imaging based on entangled light source can overcome the limitations of low imaging resolution, large impact on marine environment and low confidentiality in traditional underwater target imaging. Based on the propagation characteristics of weak turbulent environment, we propose a new photon capture probability algorithm for marine environment based on entangled photon pairs. Finally, the relevant experimental environment is constructed according to the designed imaging optical path. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed quantum imaging method.
In recent years, quantum information technology, as a subversive and strategic technology that has attracted much attention, acquires, transmits, and processes information by means of unique physical phenomena such as quantum entanglement, nonlocality, and non-cloning. Quantum imaging technology achieves non-local imaging of targets by extracting entangled light quantum information with temporal and spatial correlation characteristics. By using the anti-interference and anti-turbulence characteristics of quantum entangled states, quantum imaging technology can break through the physical limits of traditional imaging fields, thereby improving imaging resolution and sensitivity. The latest technological development in quantum imaging has prompted researchers to study high-resolution and fast quantum imaging based on the spatial correlation characteristics of entangled photon pairs. In this circumstance, we propose a novel quantum imaging method based on two-step adaptive sampling optimization and carry out experimental verification. In concrete terms, in order to solve the problem that the efficiency of entangled light quantum imaging is limited by Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) sampling, we select the two-step adaptive sampling optimization algorithm to reduce the influence of DMD scanning on imaging efficiency. At the same time, for the sake of solving the problem that the quality of entangled photon quantum imaging is limited by the accuracy of coincidence counting, we add delay difference calculation in the imaging process and correct the signal photon arrival time pulse sequence to ensure the accuracy of coincidence counting. Finally, we conduct a large number of experiments to evaluate the performance of the two-step adaptive sampling optimization algorithm and verify the superiority of the proposed entangled quantum imaging method practically.
Entangled photon quantum imaging technology has become very promising for marine imaging due to its high resolution, anti-turbulence, and anti-interference properties. The turbulence and optical attenuation caused by oceanic water would impose severe limitations on conventional imaging equipment. Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources could make it possible to overcome the constraints of low imaging resolution, large maritime environmental impact and low confidentiality in traditional underwater target imaging. Hence, the recent technological developments in terms of quantum imaging in free space motivate our investigation into high-resolution quantum imaging based on spatially correlated properties of entangled photon pairs in a marine environment. Moreover we propose and design an innovative underwater quantum imaging optical path for experimental verification. We conduct extensive experiments to assess the effectiveness of our proposed quantum imaging approach in marine environments. In order to solve the problem of the slow quantum imaging process, we propose an innovative compressive sensing reconstruction algorithm. Experiments show that the compressive sensing method could be utilized to reduce the imaging time. Finally, we propose an underwater quantum target identification method based on deep learning, further providing the possibility for underwater quantum target identification of entangled light sources.
Quantum imaging based on entangled light sources exhibits enhanced background resistance compared to conventional imaging techniques in low-light conditions. However, direct imaging of dynamic targets remains challenging due to the limited count rate of entangled photons. In this paper, we propose a quantum imaging method based on quantum compressed sensing that leverages the strong correlation characteristics of entangled photons and the randomness inherent in photon pair generation and detection. This approach enables the construction of a compressed sensing system capable of directly imaging high-speed dynamic targets. The results demonstrate that our system successfully achieves imaging of a target rotating at a frequency of 10 kHz, while maintaining an impressive data compression rate of 10 −6 . This proposed method introduces a pioneering approach for the practical implementation of quantum imaging in real-world scenarios.
Abstract Quantum imaging is an advanced method for microscopy or investigating the optical properties of materials or bio-medical inspections with high accuracy, low noise, and extremely low photo-damage. In previous work, we proposed a quantum imaging technique, in which variations in polarization angle due to reflection or transmission at the sample enhance image contrast in the second-order autocorrelation function at zero delay g 2(0). However, the image resolution observed was not satisfactory. In this report, to improve the image quality, the parameters such as coincidence window was optimized to distinguish photon statistics effectively due to change in polarization angle and the objective lens was utilized to focus the entangled photon beams. These modifications enabled optical imaging by accurately detecting slight polarization variations in different media. Although this method is effective for various samples, it has certain limitations for samples that exhibit polarization disturbances, such as those involving photon scattering. Nevertheless, the proposed approach demonstrates superior imaging performance under noisy conditions and low illumination, offering promising possibilities for high-quality quantum imaging applications.