Abstract In the current context, where the productivity paradox coexists with growing concerns about inequality, quantum economics and quantum game theory are emerging as novel frameworks to address inherent uncertainty and complex strategic interactions. Quantum game theory applies the principles of quantum mechanics to model strategic interactions, providing new insights into decision-making, optimization and conflict resolution. In this article, we conduct a systematic review following the PRISMA methodology and a bibliometric analysis of the literature on quantum game theory to assess its development, methodologies and applications. We examine the growing interest in quantum technologies such as quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum simulation, which have had a significant impact on both theoretical models and practical economic and social systems. By mapping trends in the quantum game theory research landscape, this article aims to identify key advances, highlight important milestones and propose future directions for research in this emerging field. This comprehensive mapping not only elucidates the dynamic evolution and interdisciplinary convergence of quantum and evolutionary game theory, but also establishes a foundation for future research, fostering innovative approaches to complex decision-making in increasingly uncertain and interconnected environments.
Abstract In the current context, where the productivity paradox coexists with growing concerns about inequality, quantum economics and quantum game theory are emerging as novel frameworks to address inherent uncertainty and complex strategic interactions. Quantum game theory applies the principles of quantum mechanics to model strategic interactions, providing new insights into decision-making, optimization and conflict resolution. In this article, we conduct a systematic review following the PRISMA methodology and a bibliometric analysis of the literature on quantum game theory to assess its development, methodologies and applications. We examine the growing interest in quantum technologies such as quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum simulation, which have had a significant impact on both theoretical models and practical economic and social systems. By mapping trends in the quantum game theory research landscape, this article aims to identify key advances, highlight important milestones and propose future directions for research in this emerging field. This comprehensive mapping not only elucidates the dynamic evolution and interdisciplinary convergence of quantum and evolutionary game theory, but also establishes a foundation for future research, fostering innovative approaches to complex decision-making in increasingly uncertain and interconnected environments.
In recent years, quantum economics has emerged as a revolutionary discipline that applies the fundamental principles of quantum physics to offer a new perspective on the uncertainty and complexity inherent in modern economic systems. Quantum cognition plays a fundamental role in this framework, explaining how individuals process information and make decisions in contexts of ambiguity and uncertainty. Using quantum mechanisms such as the superposition of mental states, interference, and entanglement, quantum cognition models complex behavioral phenomena that are inexplicable by classical decision theory, such as the effects of presentation order and cognitive paradoxes. This article examines the intersection between quantum economics, quantum cognition, decision-making, and sustainability in financial environments through a systematic review following the PRISMA methodology and a bibliometric analysis. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and quantum computing are driving the practical application of these approaches, improving the management of uncertainty in sectors such as renewable energy and sustainable resource management. The results show that quantum economics is a promising framework for the design of policies and strategies aimed at achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This article explores the interdisciplinary interface between quantum computing and economic theory, with a particular emphasis on how foundational concepts from quantum mechanics reshape core methodological and epistemological assumptions in economics. Drawing on a comprehensive bibliographic methodology, the study synthesizes contributions from quantum physics, computational theory, and economic modeling to trace the impact of quantum logic -especially principles such as superposition, entanglement, and measurement irreversibility- on both theoretical constructs and applied frameworks. Particular attention is given to emblematic algorithms (e.g., Shor’s and Grover’s) as case studies for illustrating computational discontinuities in fields such as cryptographic trust, portfolio optimization, and decision-making under uncertainty. The article also surveys recent developments in quantum machine learning and quantum-inspired models relevant to economic forecasting and adaptive policy design. Ethical and distributional concerns are critically addressed, especially in relation to the asymmetric global access to quantum resources. By mapping this emerging field through a structured review of cross-disciplinary literature, the paper offers a conceptual framework for understanding how quantum technologies may influence future research in financial economics, risk theory, and the modeling of complex systems operating under deep informational constraints.
Quantum game theory (QGT) extends traditional game theory by using quantum mechanics to create new models for strategic decision-making. Traditional game theory provides effective tools for analyzing rational human interaction; yet it suffers from three main restrictions because it cannot properly handle uncertain situations, contradictory behavior, and complex relationships among agents. QGT addresses these challenges through its implementation of quantum phenomena, which enable strategic options that go beyond traditional mixed strategies. The extended system introduces fresh equilibrium solutions that allow easier resolution of standard problems. The chapter presents an organized structure to display QGT, which shows its value for strategic decision-making systems. The chapter shows fundamental concepts that link classical theories with quantum theories through its demonstration of how quantum strategies have developed from their original state to their present form, which expands traditional game models. The research investigates optimization methods, cybersecurity measures, economic systems, and artificial intelligence applications. The study identifies implementation obstacles and future research needs. The advanced QGT decision-making systems provide outstanding solutions that allow intelligent systems to interact with their environments and solve complex environmental problems.
Since the establishment of von Neumann and Nash's concept of equilibrium, game theory has become a universal language in economics and social sciences. However, classical game theory is deeply rooted in the mechanistic worldview, and its deterministic assumptions, static equilibrium, and individualistic methodology are becoming increasingly inadequate in explaining the emergence of cooperation, uncertainty, and complex social interactions. This book directly faces this dilemma and introduces the core concepts of quantum mechanics into game analysis, constructing a complete system of quantum game theory. Starting from the century long evolution of game theory, the entire book deeply criticizes the mechanistic nature of classical game theory, and re establishes the philosophical foundation of game theory through practical ontology. On this basis, this book proposes the hypothesis of a "quantum gamer" and constructs a complete analytical framework from superposition strategy space, quantum entanglement to measurement collapse. The system reconstructs core areas such as quantum zero sum games, quantum non-zero sum games, quantum prisoner's dilemma, quantum coordination games, quantum evolutionary games, quantum cooperative games, and quantum incomplete information games, and extends them to cutting-edge directions such as quantum repetitive games, quantum game learning, and quantum mechanism design. At the application level, this book comprehensively demonstrates the broad prospects of quantum game theory in fields such as economics, political science, sociology, biology, computer science, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and ethics. This book emphasizes that quantum entanglement enables cooperation to emerge, and quantum measurement leads equilibrium from static to dynamic collapse, thus surpassing the explanatory boundaries of classical game theory. The book has a rigorous structure and in-depth arguments, combining theoretical originality with interdisciplinary perspectives, providing a groundbreaking work for researchers, graduate students, and cutting-edge explorers to understand the quantum game revolution.
Quantum economics is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics and economic theories. The research examines the main theoretical and practical aspects of quantum economics, starting with its theoretical foundations based on the principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition, uncertainty and entanglement, and ending with practical applications and perspectives for further research. Special attention was paid to the potential impact of quantum technologies on finance, marketing, supply chain management, as well as on macroeconomic planning and policy. It discusses how quantum algorithms can transform traditional approaches in economic research and practice, providing new methods for analyzing complex data, improving forecasting of economic trends, and optimizing decisions under uncertainty. Quantum economics opens up new perspectives for understanding dynamic and interconnected processes in the global economy, which can fundamentally change our perception of economic laws and strategies. It is emphasized that the quantum economy is at the initial stage of its development, and scientists and practitioners face many challenges and questions that need to be solved. In the future, we can expect the development of new tools for economic analysis and decisionmaking based on quantum computing, which will allow us to cope with current and future economic challenges more effectively. The quantum economy can also offer new approaches to risk management and financial security, especially in light of growing cyber threats and the need to protect economic information. Quantum economics is an exciting and promising direction that can significantly enrich both theoretical and applied aspects of economic science.
Quantum computing represents one of the most disruptive technological paradigms of the 21st century, with profound implications for economic modelling, financial optimization, and computational decision-making. Unlike classical computing, quantum systems leverage superposition, entanglement, and interference to solve problems of exponentially higher complexity, a capability with transformative potential for economics and finance. This study examines the intersection of quantum computing and economics, systematically evaluating both the promises and the barriers defining this emerging field. Regarding opportunities, quantum algorithms, such as the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Grover's algorithm, demonstrate significant theoretical advantages in portfolio optimization, risk assessment, option pricing, and the resolution of large-scale combinatorial problems that are intractable for classical machines. Quantum machine learning extends these prospects, offering accelerated capabilities for pattern recognition and predictive modelling relevant to financial markets. However, substantial barriers temper these expectations. Current quantum hardware operates in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, where decoherence, gate errors, and a limited number of qubits constrain practical applicability. The gap between theoretical quantum advantage and real-world economic implementation remains significant, compounded by a shortage of specialists, high infrastructure costs, and the absence of standardized programming frameworks tailored to economic applications. Through a bibliometric analysis of existing literature and a critical review of recent experimental results, the study maps the current state of quantum computing adoption in economics, identifies the most active research frontiers—quantum game theory and quantum portfolio optimization—and outlines the conditions under which quantum advantage could become economically relevant. The findings suggest that, although quantum computing will not transform economic practice in the short term, its long-term disruptive potential warrants proactive engagement from economists, financial institutions, and policymakers.