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Chinese Physics B

Multipartite entanglement and one-way steering in magnon frequency comb

Qianjun Zheng, Yunshan Cao, Peng Yan

Published Aug 11, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering in a magnon frequency comb (MFC) can be generated in a hybrid magnon–skyrmion system. When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode (mWGM) and the skyrmion, the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears. The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained. Interestingly, the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields, which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications. Moreover, the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state. Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources, with promising applications in quantum communication.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/adf9fe

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Abstract We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering in a magnon frequency comb (MFC) can be generated in a hybrid magnon–skyrmion system. When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode (mWGM) and the skyrmion, the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears. The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained. Interestingly, the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields, which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications. Moreover, the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state. Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources, with promising applications in quantum communication.
Significant progress has been made for the emerging concept of magnon frequency comb (MFC) but mainly in the classical region. The quantum property of the comb structure is yet to be explored. Here we theoretically investigate the quantum fluctuations of frequency combs and demonstrate the continuous-variable quantum entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering between different teeth of MFC. Without loss of generality, we address this issue in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system. We observe a strong two-mode squeezed entanglement and asymmetric steering between the sum- and difference-frequency magnon teeth mediated by the skyrmion that acts as an effective reservoir to cool the Bogoliubov mode delocalized over the first-order magnon pair in MFC. Our findings show the prominent quantum nature of MFC, which has the potential to be utilized in ultrafast quantum metrology and multi-task quantum information processing.
Entanglement and Perfect One-Way EPR Steering in Cavity Magnonics System In article number 2400307, Qi Guo and co-workers demonstrate that, for a cross-shaped cavity magnonics system, both the bipartite and tripartite entanglement, and the perfect one-way Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering can be generated through the Kerr nonlinearity. Especially, different from the conventional protocols introducing additional unbalanced losses or noises, the presented scheme can manipulate the perfect one-way EPR steering only by adjusting the drive detuning. Therefore, the scheme provides a new insight for producing asymmetric EPR steering.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is different from quantum entanglement because of its unique asymmetry. Multipartite asymmetric EPR steering can break through one-to-one monogamy steering and achieve one to many one-way steering. That is to say, the state of one part can steer the other rest parts simultaneously, while the other parts cannot steer this part. Here, a scheme is proposed to generate one to many one-way steering by optical parametric amplification cascaded with a sum-frequency generation process. One to many non-monogamy EPR steering, such as one to two and one to three one-way steering are demonstrated based on the criterion for asymmetric EPR steering. It is also find that different kinds of asymmetric EPR steering can be obtained by choosing different nonlinear parameters. This non-monogamous one to many quantum control has potential application in constructing quantum networks and realizing one-way quantum computing.
Abstract A scheme is proposed for generating entanglement and achieving perfect one‐way EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) steering in a cross‐shaped cavity magnonics system via the Kerr effect arising from magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The scheme involves two microwave cavities with distinct quality factors that simultaneously couple to a magnon mode of a macroscopic yttrium‐iron‐garnet sphere via the magnetic‐dipole interaction. It is demonstrated that both the bipartite and tripartite entanglement among the three modes will be generated due to Kerr nonlinearity, and the perfect one‐way EPR steering will also be achieved between the cavity with higher quality factor and the magnon mode. Notably, this scheme differs from conventional protocols that produce asymmetric EPR steering by introducing additional unbalanced losses or noises; instead, it can generate and manipulate one‐way EPR steering solely by adjusting the detuning between the magnon mode and the microwave drive field. It is also analyzed that the robustness of the entanglement and EPR steering against the dissipation of magnon and environmental temperature. The present scheme may provide a promising platform and an efficient quantum resource for quantum information processing.
Abstract We propose to utilize magnon Kerr nonlinearity to generate and control microwave–microwave Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering in a cavity magnonic system consisting of two microwave cavities and an yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, where the magnon mode in the YIG sphere is driven by an electromagnetic field. The results show that Kerr nonlinearity of the magnon could not only sensibly induce enhanced entanglement of two microwave fields but also produce asymmetric EPR steering with different ratios of two damping rates and coupling constants. Moreover, it is found that the nonreciprocity of the steady-state EPR steering is obtainable by controlling the sign of the magnon Kerr parameter, which could be tuned from positive to negative by changing the direction of the static magnetic field. The demonstrated nonreciprocal EPR steering is of fundamental interest for the manipulation of quantum states, and may provide potential applications in quantum information tasks.
We propose an experimental scheme for enhancing entanglement, achieving asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, and creating nonreciprocal quantum correlations within a hybrid system. This system integrates a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, which exhibits magnon-phonon coupling via magnetostriction, with a silica sphere featuring optomechanical whispering-gallery modes. By tuning the Barnett effect through the magnetic field direction, our system enables controllable asymmetric EPR steering and nonreciprocal entanglement between both directly and indirectly coupled modes. We demonstrate that adjusting the reflectivity of a beam splitter can boost stationary quantum steering and entanglement, effectively countering thermal noise. This approach allows for the generation of multipartite entanglement and both one-way and two-way steering. The proposed system is experimentally feasible and holds significant promise for various quantum information applications.