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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer

Exploration of the dynamic process of laser-induced ionization for the preparation of metastable Kr atoms based on the 5p[3/2]2 to 5s[3/2]2 transition

Jia Ju Wu, Shu Hu, Ke Huang, Zihao Liu, Tao Li, Ling Wang, Xianglong Cai, Baodong Gai, Dongdong Xu, Shutong He, Yannan Tan, Jingwei Guo

Published Aug 12, 2025• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.jqsrt.2025.109627

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We have investigated a new scheme for excitation of the 5s, J = 2 metastable level of Kr (5s[3/2] J = 2 ) which can be readily extended to other rare gases. In the scheme, an ultraviolet (UV) lamp is used to create a population of Kr atoms in the 5s[3/2] J = 1 level in a gas cell. The excited atoms are then pumped to the 5p[3/2] J = 2 level, using 819 nm light from a Ti:sapphire laser, from which they decay to the metastable state with a branching ratio of 77%. We made two striking observations: (1) the laser power required to saturate the second step decreases markedly as a function of gas cell pressure, and (2) the UV photon flux is converted with very high efficiency (≈10%) to metastable atom flux. A Monte Carlo study of the scattering of UV photons in the cell reproduces the trends observed. The understanding achieved points to the design of a higher flux source of metastable atoms.

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Laser-Induced Ionizing Collisions of Ultracold Krypton Gas in the 1s5 Metastable State

Hidetoshi Katori, Fujio Shimizu

The line shape of laser-induced ionizing collisions of ultracold Kr gas is investigated near the ${1s}_{5}[4p^{5}5s:^{3}P_{2}]$ and ${2p}_{9}[4p^{5}5p:^{3}D_{3}]$ transition. The rate increases several times when the laser is red tuned by a few times of the natural width, while it sharply decreases for a slight blue detuning. This frequency dependence of the collision rate is due to the collision dynamics characteristic of ultracold atoms in a near-resonant light. Our experimental results on metastable Kr atoms show a good qualitative agreement with semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation of the cold collision dynamics.

Physical Review Letters•Nov 7, 1994•58 citations
We have investigated a new scheme for excitation of the 5s, J = 2 metastable level of Kr (5s[3/2] J = 2 ) which can be readily extended to other rare gases. In the scheme, an ultraviolet (UV) lamp is used to create a population of Kr atoms in the 5s[3/2] J = 1 level in a gas cell. The excited atoms are then pumped to the 5p[3/2] J = 2 level, using 819 nm light from a Ti:sapphire laser, from which they decay to the metastable state with a branching ratio of 77%. We made two striking observations: (1) the laser power required to saturate the second step decreases markedly as a function of gas cell pressure, and (2) the UV photon flux is converted with very high efficiency (≈10%) to metastable atom flux. A Monte Carlo study of the scattering of UV photons in the cell reproduces the trends observed. The understanding achieved points to the design of a higher flux source of metastable atoms.
The line shape of laser-induced ionizing collisions of ultracold Kr gas is investigated near the 1s5[4p55s:3P2]{1s}_{5}[4p^{5}5s:^{3}P_{2}]1s5​[4p55s:3P2​] and 2p9[4p55p:3D3]{2p}_{9}[4p^{5}5p:^{3}D_{3}]2p9​[4p55p:3D3​] transition. The rate increases several times when the laser is red tuned by a few times of the natural width, while it sharply decreases for a slight blue detuning. This frequency dependence of the collision rate is due to the collision dynamics characteristic of ultracold atoms in a near-resonant light. Our experimental results on metastable Kr atoms show a good qualitative agreement with semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation of the cold collision dynamics.